In: Biology
14. What is the general purpose of feedback inhibition? What is the problem if feedback inhibition happens when it isn’t supposed to? 15. How do the effects of insulin resistance compound to decrease cellular responses to insulin? 16. Hypothesize a mechanism by which the GLUT4 transporter’s fusion to the cell membrane could be decreased.
14. Feedback Inhibition is that kind of inhibition in which the product shuts off its own synthesis.
Ex- If you have taken a meal. Now your blood glucose level will be high. Now hypothalamus will sense the increased blood glucose level and will activate pancreas. Now pancreas will release insulin which will decrease the blood glucose level. Now blood glucose level will decrease and it will be again sensed by hypothalamus and it will stop the secretion insulin from pancreas.
If feedback inhibition happens when it is not supposed to then the secretion of the hormone will stop and it will lead to metabolic disorders.
15. The insulin receptor itself has decreased kinase activity leading to fewer binding sites for singling effectors to become activated. The lack of activation of these initial signaling effectors prevents any subsequent steps from happening. Overall this means that higher insulin concentrations are necessary to obtain the same level of signaling leading to physiological effects that would exist in someone without type-2 diabetes. This requirement for higher insulin concentration means that the cells that respond to insulin are resistant to its effect. This is the main characteristic of type-2 diabetes.