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In: Biology

What is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune disease? Give an example of each.

What is the difference between an allergy and an autoimmune disease? Give an example of each.

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Answer:

Allergy: Allergy is an overreaction (exaggerated response) by the immune system to harmless substances that enter the body or come in contact with it. When a person suffers from allergy the immune system exhibits unusual sensitivity towards allergens. Some examples of substances (allergens) that can elicit an allergic reaction are: food products such as milk, nuts, sesame, fish and eggs.

Example: Gluten Allergy: Gluten protein is present in grains and in some inidividuals exposure to gluten proteins causes an allegic reaction. Pollen, house dust mites can also cause allergic reaction.

Autoimmune disease: When an individual is suffering from an autoimmune disorder then the immune system is unable to differentiate between healthy body tissues (self) and foreign antigens (non-self).and body produces antibodies that are directed against body's normal tisses.
Example: Rheumatoid arthritis (disease of joints), Celiac disease (disease of blood and organs, Grave's disease

Difference: In allergy, the immune system reacts to allergens which are extrinsic or outside substances whereas in case of autoimmune disease, the immune system reacts to normal body tissues.


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