Question

Q1) After a stroke, a patient complains about numbness( lack of sensing) in her left hand. The stroke most likely affected the ______

1. Precentral gyrus in the right frontal lobe.
2. Postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe.
3. Precentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe.
4. Postcentral gyrus in the right parietal lobe.
5. Postcentral gyrus in the left frontal lobe.
6. None of these.

Q2) which of these is NOT a characteristic of the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

1. It originates in the craniosacral region of the central nervous system
2. The terminal ganglia are very close to their target organs.
3. It has long preganglionic fibers.
4. Its effect more local than effect of the sympathetic division
5. None of these

Q3) Which of these happens third in a cholinergic synaptic transmission?

1. Ach diffuse across the synaptic cleft
2. Postsynaptic potential is produced
3. Sodium enters the postsynaptic cell
4. Synaptic vesicles release Ach
5. Ach binds to ligand- regulated gates

Q4)  _____ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid and diffuse to nearby cells where they may affect neighborhood physiology.

1. Endocrine hormones
2. Neurotransmitters
3. Paracrine
4. Neuromodulators
5. None of these

Q5)  Which of the following statement is FALSE?

1. A nerve fiber is enclosed in its own fibrous sleeve called endoneurium
2. The stretch reflex is a tendency of a muscle to contract when it is overstretched.
3. Spinal cord conducts signals up and down the body passing through white matter.
4. A dermatome is a region of the skin served by a specific spinal nerve, although the overlap between receptor fields results in 2 or 3 adjacent segments contributing to innervations.
5. None of these.

Answer 1

1. d) Postcentral gyrus in the right parietal lobe

Explanation: Postcentral gyrus in the right parietal lobe contains the somatosensory area supplying the left side of the body. this area receives the somatosensory signals of left side of the body.

2. None of these

Explanation:

symptomatic nervous system is also called Thoracolumbar Outflow tract. As it's preganglionic fibres ralay in the thoracic T1 to T12 segment of spinal cord and L1 and L2 of lumbar segment. (T1-L2). Here they form sympathetic ganglion chain.

parasympathetic system is also called Craniosacral Outflow tract. (Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10 + S2 S3 and S4).

Parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers with gaglia located near to the target organs. It produces more local effect.

3. E)Ach binds to ligand- regulated gates

Explanation: the sequence is:

- Synaptic vesicles release Ach

- Ach diffuse across the synaptic cleft

- Ach binds to ligand- regulated gates

- Sodium enters the postsynaptic cell

- Postsynaptic potential is produced

4. Paracrine

5. none of these