Question

Regarding an epidemiological outbreak ,discuss the four major routes by which pathogens spread.Also, discuss methods that one would introduce to stop the spreading of pathogens

Answer 1

The four major routes of transmission is through

a) By inhalation: Diseases such as cold and tuberculosis are caused due to inhalation of micro-organism present in the air. If a person having infection sneezes the micro-organism containing droplets spread in the air which can cause an infection in a healthy person.

b)By ingestion: Ingestion of causitive agent through infected food and water is another major mode of transmission.

c)By direct contact: Through cuts and cratches pathogens can enter the body via bloood and semen. Ex: Hepatitis and HIV AIDS.

d) By vectors: Malaria is the most common example of diseases transmitted through vector. The vector spreads the disease causing agents from an infected host to a normal individual.

Common methods to control the spread of pathogens are:

1) Most common and easy way to reduce the chances of infection is washing hands often.

2)Immunization through vaccine

3)Practice safer sex habit

4) Avoid sharing personal items like handkerchief, towel etc.

5) Never reuse the syringes

6) Never consume uncovered and unhygeinic food and water.

7) Avoid going in crowded place at the time of epidemic outbreak

8) Use of mask