Describe Erikson’s eight stages (including crises and virtues). Compare and contrast Piaget and Vygotsky. From Psychology...

Describe Erikson’s eight stages (including crises and virtues).

Compare and contrast Piaget and Vygotsky.

From Psychology 12th edition,written by David Myers and C.Nathan Dewall. Ch#4 -5

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Expert Solution

Erikson described personality development as a process that completes in 8 stages. Each stages involves a conflict between psycholigicalp needs of an individual and societal demands on him, hence each stage called psychosocial stage. Each stage involves a crisis , whose resolution results into development of virtues that remains with person for lifetime.

These are following stages, corresponding conflicts,virtues and age group.

Trust vs. Mistrust (Hope ) (0 - 2).

Autonomy vs. Shame (Will) (2-3)

Initiative vs. Guilt (Purpose) (3 - 5)

Industry vs. Inferiority (Competency) (5 - 12)

Identity vs. Role Confusion (Fidelity) (12 - 18)

Intimacy vs. Isolation (Love) (18 - 40)

Generativity vs. Stagnation (Care) (40 - 65)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Wisdom) (65+)

Both Jean Piaget and Lev Semionovich Vygotsky were significant contributors to the cognitive development component of Psychology. The manner by which children learn and mentally grow plays a vital role in their learning processes and abilities. Parents and teachers enable themselves to better cater to the unique needs of each child by understanding the progression of cognitive development. Another similarity between Piaget and Vygotsky is that they both believed that the boundaries of cognitive growth were instituted by societal influences.

Piaget said that cognitive development is driven by a child's inbuilt tendency to adapt to new experiences whereas Vygotsky said that cognitive development is driven by social interaction. Piaget stated children learn through active self-discovery, Vygotsky said children learn through instruction and guidance. Piaget believed cognitive development is the same universally whereas Vygotsky said that it differs across cultures and time. Piaget believed children will only learn when they are ready, whereas Vygotsky believed that development could be accelerated to an extend, with correct scaffolding and within the ZPD. Piaget believed that language is a result of cognitive developement; Vygotsky said that language is key to cognitive development

Hayet Jeridi answered 1 year ago

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