Question

a 7 paged report on communication dynamics

Answer 1

Answer :

Communication can be defined as the exchange of information, ideas and knowledge between sender and receiver through an accepted code of language.

Process of Communication :

• Communication takes place between sender and receiver.
• There is an exchange of information between them through medium.
• This exchange is only possible through accepted codes of language.
• Communication is a two way process.

Sender: Sender is considered as the origin of communication. The sender has ideas, knowledge, information and thoughts to share with the receiver. These ideas are in abstract form in the minds of the sender. In order to share these ideas the sender has to give a physical or concrete shape in the form of commonly accepted codes i.e language.

Encoding: Sender, before sending the message, convert the message (ideas) into commonly accepted language. This conversion is called encoding. Through this process sender gives a concrete shape to his/her abstract ideas. This encoded idea is called message.

Message Sending: Once sender`s idea is encoded, it is ready to move toward the receiver. In order to transmit the message the sender select an appropriate way.

Medium/Channel: In communication process Medium/Channel is like a bridge between sender and receiver. Through the medium message is transmitted and reaches to the receiver. The medium varies in different communication environment e.g. in telephonic conversation electronic network is medium, in oral communication air is a medium, in messenger chatting internet is a medium. The process of communication is largely affected when the medium is disturbed by external factors such as noise.

Medium/Channel: Sender In communication process selects an appropriate medium or channel in order to transmit the message. The medium can be anything that carries message. The process of communication is largely affected when the medium or channel is disturbed by several factors like noise and barrier

Receiver: The recipient of the message is called Receiver. When message is sent using an appropriate medium, it is received by the receiver. Receiving of the message involves sensory and cognitive process which finally leads to understanding.

Decoding: Decoding plays a significant role in the process of communication. In this stage the message gets its original form i.e. ideas. Our human mind holds only abstract thoughts and ideas that is why encoded message is converted again into ideas. This process also involve cognitive aspect which finally leads to the understanding of the Sender`s message.

Feedback: Feedback is the last stage in which the receiver responds to the Sender`s message. This response by the receiver makes the whole process complete. Through feedback the Sender can judge whether the receiver has understood the message correctly. In the absence of feedback communication eventually withers.

Thus, for successful communication all these components are very essential and should work in coordination. Any defect or disturbance (Noise) in these components may result in miscommunication.

VERBAL & NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

In Verbal communication we exchange information with the help of words. In our life we use words of specific language to communicate. These words might be either in oral form or written form. In oral form we use spoken words for example talking with our friends, giving speech in function, scolding someone, delivering a lecture, instructing someone etc. In all these instances we use words to convey our message to others. In written communication we use words in written form for instance writing a letter to someone, sending a job application, writing a paragraph, writing a report, notice, memo, email, proposal etc.

Contrary to verbal communication Non Verbal communication does not use words. Instead of words we use the language which has no words such as sign language, body language and posture, Paralinguistic, facial expression, gesture, eye contact, personal appearance etc. Since Non Verbal communication is wordless it is considered as ‘Unspoken Communication’. In fact non verbal communication is auxiliary to verbal communication. Surprisingly scientific studies say that Non Verbal communication carries 65 % of the social meaning of the situation, while 35% is carried on Verbal Communication.

TYPES/COMPONENTS OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1 Kinesics : Kinesics is the study of the body movements. In other words it can be said that it is the way human body communicate without words. Kinesics includes following body movements

2. Personal appearance : Personal appearance plays a key role in non-verbal communication. We can express many things through our appearance or outlook. Appearance includes clothes, hair style, jewelry, cosmetics, and so on. For example a person wearing an earring, heavy chains and torn jeans will create bad impression among people. This is because his appearance communicates the people and tells everything about the person.

3. Gesture: Gesture includes the movements of hands, arms, shoulder, head, torso and fingers. Our gesture clarifies our ideas. During communication a person’s gesture tells what is going on in his /her mind. We should avoid irritating gesture like playing with a ring, twisting keychain, clasping hands tightly and cracking knuckles etc at the time of communication.

In our day-to-day life we use gestures to reinforce verbal communication. Sometimes people use gestures when verbal communication is not possible e.g. in cricket umpire declares his decisions through hand gesture because on the ground it is impossible to give decision verbally due to lots of noise.

4. Facial Expression: Human face is considered as the best communicator. It is the most expressive part of human body. Facial expression includes raised eyebrows, forehead lines, smiles, movements of eye lid etc. for example smile stands for friendliness while a frown for discontent, lines on forehead for question, doubt etc.

5. Eye Contact: In our day-to-day life we express our emotions and feeling through our eyes. Our eyes reflect our sincerity, integrity, love and comfort when communicating with another person. It determines how we present ourselves and communicate with others When we are confident we firmly maintain eye contact but when we have to hide something we cannot look into person`s eyes. Our parents can easily learn through eye contact whether we lie to them. Two lovers can express many things just through eye contact. Thus practicing good eye contact is a skill for effective communication.

Paralanguage:

Paralanguage refers to the pitch, volume, rate, quality, tone, intonation which conveys different meanings in persons` speech. Paralanguage always runs along with words and it refers to how words are spoken. For example when a person shouts a name of a person we can assume that the person is angry. Here person`s intensity of voice conveys the meaning that he/she is angry.

1. Voice: Voice is the most important element of Para language. Voice tells us about the speaker’s gender, age, background, education, temperament etc. Voice conveys the message in a more effective way. For example we can easily figure out whether the person is sick, unhappy or angry just studying his/her voice. Usually angry person speaks louder and and his/her anger is clearly reflected in his/her voice. A sick person speaks very slowly and his/her voice is very low. Thus, how the person speaks tells a lot about that person.

2. Stress on Words: When we speak we use stress to emphasize specific words in sentences. Stress on words usually refers to the way speaker stretches words to indicate their importance. For example when a teacher instructs that 75% attendance is MUST. Here the teacher has put stress on a word 'MUST' which indicates that it it mandatory. The following sentences are made up of same words but their meanings are different. Here stress on different words changes meaning of the same sentences.

• You should NOT go there.
• YOU should not go there.
• You should not GO there
• You should not go THERE.

3. Speed: We all speak language at different speed rate. Usally men speak faster than women. Different speed rate indicates different meaning. For example in critical situation such as at the road accident people normally speak fast. Where message accuracy is very important people speak very slowly. For example while instructing someone people usually speak slowly. Rate or speed of the word also sometimes determines messages` seriousness and humor. For example in movie or drama character speaks very slowly which indicates the seriousness of the message. While comic characters usually speak fast to create humour among audience.

4. Volume: Research indicates that confidence, assertiveness, and boldness are reflected in louder speech. This doesn’t mean that you go around speaking loudly but if you need to "raise the stakes" or occur more assertive, raising your vocal volume will help you to do this. For example at public speaking it is expected that the speaker should be louder and clear. Here speaker`s clear and loud voice reflects the person`s confidence. On the other end a person having low voice reflects lack of confidence and trust.

5. Pause: Pause refers to a break in speech either between words or sentences. It seems that pause is a moment of nothing but it has its own importance. The use of pause in language gives an artistic touch especially in narration, story telling and reciting a poem. It is used as a tool to build intellectual and emotional connection with the audience. Pause allows the listener to think over before the next sentence is spoken. For example late Atal Bihari Vajpayee was well known for his pauses in speech and this made his speches memorable and worth listening.