In: Accounting
Edney Company employs a standard cost system for product costing. The per-unit standard cost of its product is:
Raw materials | $ | 14.00 | |
Direct labor (2 direct labor hours × $8.00 per hour) | 16.00 | ||
Manufacturing overhead (2 direct labor hours × $10.00 per hour) | 20.00 | ||
Total standard cost per unit | $ | 50.00 | |
The manufacturing overhead rate is based on a normal capacity level of 600,000 direct labor hours. (Normal capacity is defined as the level of capacity needed to satisfy average customer demand over a period of two to four years. Operationally, this level of capacity would take into consideration sales trends and both seasonal and cyclical factors affecting demand.) The firm has the following annual manufacturing overhead budget:
Variable | $ | 3,665,000 | |
Fixed | 3,000,000 | ||
$ | 6,665,000 | ||
Edney incurred $435,950 in direct labor cost for 54,800 direct labor hours to manufacture 26,000 units in November. Other costs incurred in November include $338,000 for fixed manufacturing overhead and $373,500 for variable manufacturing overhead.
Required:
1. Determine each of the following for November. [Note: Indicate whether each variance is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).]
a. The variable overhead spending variance.
b. The variable overhead efficiency variance.
c. The fixed overhead spending (budget) variance.
d. The fixed overhead production volume variance.
e. The total amount of under- or overapplied manufacturing overhead (i.e., the total manufacturing overhead cost variance for the period).
2. Prepare the following four journal entries: (a) to record actual variable overhead costs, (b) to record actual fixed overhead costs, (c) to record standard overhead costs applied to production, and (d) to record all four overhead cost variances. The company uses a single account, Factory Overhead, to record all overhead costs. Assume that the actual variable manufacturing overhead consists of utilities payable of $171,500, indirect materials of $126,000 (all materials, direct and indirect, are recorded in a single account, Materials Inventory), and $76,000 depreciation on factory equipment (determined under the units-of-production method). Assume that the fixed manufacturing overhead consists of accrued (i.e, unpaid) salaries of $73,000 and factory depreciation of $265,000. All unpaid salaries should be recorded in a single account, Accrued Payroll.
3. Prepare the appropriate journal entry to close all manufacturing overhead variances to the cost of goods sold (CGS) account. (Assume the cost variances you calculated above are for the year, not the month.)
Part 1 A
variable overhead spending variance =Actual Cost -(SP x AQ) = 373500 – (6.11*54800) = 38672 U
SP = 3,665,000/600000 = 6.11
Part 1 B
variable overhead efficiency variance= SP * (AQ-SQ) = 6.11*(54800-52000) = 17108 U
SQ = 26000*2 = 52000
Part 1 C
fixed overhead spending (budget) variance =Actual Fixed manufacturing overhead –Budgeted Fixed manufacturing overhead = 338000-(3000000/12) = 88000 U
Part 1 D
fixed overhead production volume variance = Budgeted Fixed manufacturing overhead – Applied Fixed manufacturing overhead = (3000000/12)-(26000*2*(3000000/600000)) = 10000 F
Part 1 E
total amount of under- or overapplied manufacturing overhead = (373500+338000)-(317720+260000) = 133780 Underapplied
(6.11*52000) = 317720
26000*2*(3000000/600000))) = 260000
Part 2 journal entry
General journal |
debit |
credit |
Variable Factory Overhead—Actual |
373500 |
|
Utilities Payable, wages payable, etc. |
373500 |
|
To record actual variable overhead costs for the period. |
||
WIP Inventory (6.11*52000) |
317720 |
|
Variable Factory Overhead—Applied |
317720 |
|
To apply standard variable overhead costs to production |
||
Variable Factory Overhead—Applied |
317720 |
|
Variable Overhead Spending Variance |
17108 |
|
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance |
38672 |
|
Variable Factory Overhead—Actual |
373500 |
|
To record variable overhead variances for the period |
||
Fixed Factory Overhead—Actual |
338000 |
|
Salaries payable, accumulated depreciation, etc. |
338000 |
|
To record actual fixed overhead costs for the period. |
||
WIP Inventory |
260000 |
|
Fixed Factory Overhead—Applied (26000*2*(3000000/600000))) |
260000 |
|
To apply standard fixed overhead costs to production. |
||
Fixed Factory Overhead—Applied |
260000 |
|
Fixed Factory Overhead Spending Variance |
88000 |
|
Production Volume Variance |
10000 |
|
Fixed Factory Overhead—Actual |
338000 |
|
To record fixed overhead variances for the period. |
Part 3 closing journal entry
General journal |
debit |
Credit |
Production Volume Variance |
10000 |
|
Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) |
133780 |
|
Variable Overhead Spending Variance |
38672 |
|
Variable Overhead Efficiency Variance |
17108 |
|
Fixed Overhead Spending Variance |
88000 |