Question

Engineering Thermodynamic,

Thermal energy effect, poisonous gases effect, load aspect dissipation effect on consumption and generation, etc

Total words-500

Answer 1

1-Engineering thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the study of relationship between energy and entropy, which deals with heat and work. It is a set of theories that correlate macroscopic properties that we can measure (such as temperature, volume, and pressure) to energy and its capability to deliver work. A thermodynamic system is defined as a quantity of matter of fixed mass and identity. Everything external to the system is the surroundings and the system is separated from the surroundings by boundaries. Some thermodynamics applications include the design of:

air conditioners and refrigerators turbo chargers and superchargers in automobile engines steam turbines in power generation plants jet engines used in aircraft Thermodynamics based on mainly 3 laws (zeroth law , first law , second law of thermodynamics) 2-Thermal Energy effect What is thermal energy? Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy. A whole branch of thermodynamics deals with how heat is transferred between different systems and how work is done in the process (based on 1ˢᵗ law of thermodynamics). Thermal energy from friction Consider the example of a man pushing a box across a rough floor at a constant velocity as shown in Figure 1. Since the friction force is non-conservative, the work done is not stored as potential energy. All the work done by the friction force results in a transfer of energy into thermal energy of the box-floor system. This thermal energy flows as heat within the box and floor, ultimately raising the temperature of both of these objects. Figure 1: Man pushing a box opposed by friction. Finding the change in total thermal energy deltaET​ of the box-floor system can be done by finding the total work done by friction as the person pushes the box. Recall that the box is moving at constant velocity; this means that the force of friction and the applied force are equal in magnitude. The work done by both these forces is therefore also equal. Using the definition of work done by a force parallel to the motion of an object moving through a distance W=F.d deltaET​ = Ffriction​⋅d If the coefficient of kinetic friction is kf then this can also be written as deltaET = kfFn.d How much does thermal energy actually impact the environment? The answer is, a lot. Thermal energy removes a large amount of stress from the environment by using a renewable source. This renewable source uses no fossil fuels, creates no pollution, and emits no greenhouse gases. An interesting concept to consider is that 25% of commercial business energy usage comes from cooling, heating, and ventilation. A full 50% of residential energy use is also from these things. Using thermal energy can offset this energy usage from 75% to 100%. Thermal energy impact the environmen YES , Thermal energy removes a large amount of stress from the environment by using a renewable source. This renewable source uses no fossil fuels, creates no pollution, and emits no greenhouse gases. An interesting concept to consider is that 25% of commercial business energy usage comes from cooling, heating, and ventilation. A full 50% of residential energy use is also from these things. Using thermal energy can offset this energy usage from 75% to 100%. 3 - poisonous gases effect Poison gas is any gas that is also a poison. Poison gases can kill or injure a person if present in a high enough concentration. There is a diverse range of different poison gases and each has unique properties. Many toxic liquids are also volatile and their vapors are poison gas. "Poison gas" can refer to poisons in chemical weapons, but most of them are in fact liquids, for example mustard gas and VX are viscous liquids that are dispersed into fine mists. Poisonous gases were known about for a long time before the First World War but military officers were reluctant to use them as they considered it to be a uncivilized weapon. The French Army were the first to employ it as a weapon when in the first month of the war they fired tear-gas grenades at the Germans. In October 1914 the German Army began firing shrapnel shells in which the steel balls had been treated with a chemical irritant. The Germans first used chlorine gas cylinders in April 1915 when it was employed against the French Army at Ypres. Chlorine gas destroyed the respiratory organs of its victims and this led to a slow death by asphyxiation. Poisonous gases are produced by all explosives, but owing to their rapid diffusion the majority are harmless ,unless they collect in closed spaces such as dug-outs or cellars. Under such conditions carbon-monoxide poisoning may occur. following are the some poisen gases are given below-- Corrosive poison gases such as hydrogen chloride cause chemical burns into skin and inside the lungs. This causes lungs to fill up with liquid, which can kill. Alkylating poison gases such as methyl chloride are attacked by human DNA and proteins. In human cells, this causes cell death, cancer and a diverse set of symptoms caused by malfunctioning of the alkylated proteins. Mustard gas is an alkylating agent. Gases that release the fluoride ions into the human body can cause a loss of calcium in the blood, which leads to heart attack and death. Examples are hydrogen fluoride and chlorine trifluoride. Ammonia can cause corrosive burns. Hydrogen sulfide has a powerful smell, but it will easily desensitize the nose. After that it can shut down the breathing center in the brain, which stops the breathing reflex and kills the victim from asphyxiation. Nerve agents are poisonous liquids, that easily evaporate. They shut down biochemical processes that allow muscles to relax. The result is that all muscles contract, including muscles required for breathing, causing death by asphyxiation.