Question

Sherrod, Inc., reported pretax accounting income of $72 million for 2021. The following information relates to differences between pretax accounting income and taxable income:

1. Income from installment sales of properties included in pretax accounting income in 2021 exceeded that reported for tax purposes by $3 million. The installment receivable account at year-end 2021 had a balance of $4 million (representing portions of 2020 and 2021 installment sales), expected to be collected equally in 2022 and 2023.
2. Sherrod was assessed a penalty of $2 million by the Environmental Protection Agency for violation of a federal law in 2021. The fine is to be paid in equal amounts in 2021 and 2022.
3. Sherrod rents its operating facilities but owns one asset acquired in 2020 at a cost of $64 million. Depreciation is reported by the straight-line method, assuming a four-year useful life. On the tax return, deductions for depreciation will be more than straight-line depreciation the first two years but less than straight-line depreciation the next two years ($ in millions):

	Income Statement					Tax Return					Difference
2020		$	16				$	21				$	(5	)
2021			16					27					(11	)
2022			16					9					7
2023			16					7					9
		$	64				$	64				$	0

4. For tax purposes, warranty expense is deducted when costs are incurred. The balance of the warranty liability was $1 million at the end of 2020. Warranty expense of $3 million is recognized in the income statement in 2021. $2 million of cost is incurred in 2021, and another $3 million of cost anticipated in 2022. At December 31, 2021, the warranty liability is $2 million (after adjusting entries).
5. In 2021, Sherrod accrued an expense and related liability for estimated paid future absences of $14 million relating to the company’s new paid vacation program. Future compensation will be deductible on the tax return when actually paid during the next two years ($11 million in 2022; $3 million in 2023).
6. During 2020, accounting income included an estimated loss of $6 million from having accrued a loss contingency. The loss is paid in 2021, at which time it is tax deductible.

Balances in the deferred tax asset and deferred tax liability accounts at January 1, 2021, were $1.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The enacted tax rate is 25% each year.

Required:
1. Determine the amounts necessary to record income taxes for 2021, and prepare the appropriate journal entry.
2. What is the 2021 net income?
3. Show how any deferred tax amounts should be classified and reported in the 2021 balance sheet.

Answer 1

1)	$ in millions
	Current Year	Future taxable deductible amounts		Future taxable amounts(Total)	Future deductible amounts (total)
	2021	2022	2023
Pretax Accounting Income	$72
Permanent Difference
Fine Paid	$2
Temporary Difference
Installment sales	-$3	$2	$2	$4
Depreciation	-$11	$7	$9	$16
Warranties	$1	-$2			-$2
Paid Future Absence	$14	-$11	-$3		-$14
Loss of contingency	-$6
Taxable Income	$69			20	-16
Enacted Tax Rate	25.00%			25.00%	25.00%
Tax Payable Currently	$17.25
Deferred tax Liability				$5
Deferred tax Assets					-$4
				Deferred Tax Liability	Deferred tax assets
Ending Balance				$5	$4
Less Beginning Balance				-$1.5	-$1.8
Changes needed to achieve desired Balance				$3.5	$2.2
Journal entry at 2021
Income tax Expenses (difference)	$18.55
Deferred Tax Assets (Calculated above)	$2.2
Deferred Tax Liability (Calculated above)		$3.5
Income tax Payable (Calculated above)		$17.25
2) Net Income 2021
Pretax Accounting Income	$72
Less: Income Tax expenses	-18.55
Net Income 2021	$53.45
3)
From the Installment Receivable (a):
Current deferred tax liability (2021: 25% x $2)	$0.5
Noncurrent deferred tax liability (2021: 25% x $2)	$0.5
From the Depreciation (c):
Noncurrent deferred tax liability {25% x [(16+16) – (9+7)]}	$4
From the Warranty Expense/Payable (d):
Current deferred tax asset (25% x $2)	$0.5
From the Accrued Expense/Payable (e):
Current deferred tax asset (25% x $11)	$2.75
Noncurrent deferred tax asset (25% x $3)	$0.75
Current Deferred Tax Asset (0.5 + 2.75)	$3.25
Current Deferred Tax Liability	-$0.5
Net Current Deferred Tax Asset	$2.75
Noncurrent Deferred Tax Asset	$0.75
Noncurrent Deferred Tax Liability (0.5 + 4)	-$4.5
Net Noncurrent Deferred Tax Liability	$3.75