Question

Question 2. How is DNA information used to make proteins? What are the steps of this process?
Give an example of a scenario in which you would perform PCR vs a scenario in which you would use recombinant DNA technology. What occurs during each of the three steps involved in the PCR cycle? How has the use of PCR changed biotechnology?

Answer 1

Solution

• DNA information is in the form of gene which governs to form specific or structural proteins.
• So to make proteins from DNA requires two steps. tranascription and translation.
• Tranacription is the process of synthesis of messanger RNA from DNA by using RNA polymerase enzyme.
• Translation is the process of synthesis of proteins from mRNA codon by using ribosome, tRNA , amino acids etc.

Polymerase Chain Reaction has 3 steps

• Denaturation: Unwinding the double helix by heating to 95 degrees Celsius for 30 seconds.
• Annealing: Priming the DNA by cooling the test tube to 50 degrees Celsius for 30 seconds.
• Extension: Adding on complementary nucleotides and reheating to 72 degrees Celsius for 60 seconds.

PCR changed the biology via process of autosynthesis of DNA template millions of time. So for amplification of spexific sequence can be possible by using PCR.it can used to make DNA by using RNA sequenxe also by using Taq.Polymerase.

PCR is used to make amplification of perticular DNA for identification of specific DNA sequence. So it is helpful in isolation of spexific desired DNA sequence.

While in Rexombinant DNA technology DNA is cuted at specific location and desired gene is ligated to cutted DNA to produce hybrid of DNA called as recombinant DNA technology.