Question

nursing intervention for high urinalysis and rationale seprately please

Answer 1

A urinalysis is a group of manual and/or automated qualitative and semi-quantitative tests performed on a urine sample.

A routine urinalysis usually includes the following tests: color, transparency, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, nitrite, urobilinogen, and leukocyte esterase. Some laboratories include a microscopic examination of urinary sediment with all routine urinalysis tests.

The nurses should be aware of the purposes of urinalysis

• general health screening to detect renal and metabolic diseases
• diagnosis of diseases or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract
• monitoring of patients with diabetes

For collecting 24 hr urine sample

• Nurses should advice the patient that
  • On day 1, urinate into the toilet when get up in the morning.
  • Afterwards, collect all urine in a special container for the next 24 hours.
  • On day 2, urinate into the container when get up in the morning.
• Cap the container. Keep it in the refrigerator or a cool place during the collection period.
• Label the container with name, the date, the time of completion, and return it as instructed.
• For an infant, thoroughly wash the area around the urethra.
• Open a urine collection bag (a plastic bag with an adhesive paper on one end), and place it on the infant.
• For males, place the entire area in the bag and attach the adhesive to the skin. For females, place the bag over the labia. Diaper as usual over the secured bag.
• Check the infant frequently and change the bag after the infant has urinated into it. Drain the urine from the bag into the container provided by your health care provider.
• Deliver it to the laboratory or your health care provider as soon as possible upon completion.

Clean catch urine specimen

• A clean catch is a method of collecting a urine sample for various tests, including urinalysis and urine culture.
• Advice the patient that
• To obtain a clean-catch urine sample, boys and men should wipe the and clean the area. Girls and women need to wipe between the area of collection with soapy water and rinse well.
• To perform this test, first urinate a small amount into the toilet bowl to clear the urethra of any contaminants.
• Then, collect a sample of urine in a clean or sterile container. About 1 – 2 ounces of urine is needed for a test. Remove the container from the urine stream without stopping the flow.
• For infants, the genital area is cleaned and dried, and then a collection device is attached to collect the urine.
• Take the measures to prevent leakage. After the baby has urinated, the urine (at least 20 cc) is placed in a sterile container.
• Do not use antiseptics, as they may prevent bacteria from growing during the culture.