In: Math
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The statement "y varies directly as x," means that when x increases, y increases by the same factor. In other words, y and x always have the same ratio
in above problem the cost of each pair after tax pay is 40/20=$2
initial cost of each pair
i.e before tax pay cost of each pair is 1.6 and total cost of 20 pairs is $32
so the constant of variation is
the constant of variation for total pay
so finally the increase in each cost pair factor is same as increase in total 20 pairs of cost.