Question

a)  How is the Hardy–Weinberg Model used to describe allele and genotype frequencies in a Population Gene Pool?

b) Explain how Natural Selection drives Allele Frequency Change in populations

c) Name and explain the three different impacts of selection on a population.

Answer 1

A. Hardy weinberg equilibrium says that whenever a population is not evolving, then the allele frequencies and genotypic frequencies remain constant across in that population. In this case, mutation, migration, natural selection and genetic drift are not taking place. According to this, the sum of allelic frequency and genotypic frequency will be equal to 1 for a given population.

But if the population is evolving, then also we can calculate allele and genotypic frequencies with respect to the evolutionary force acting on the population.

B. Natural selection is the process which helps in the better survival of an individual in its environment. It does so by positively selecting the beneficial trait and negatively selecting the harmful trait. It leads to an increase in the frequency of allele which is beneficial for the survival of the organism and decrease in the frequency of allele which is harmful for its survival.

C. The first impact of selection will be disruptive selection which leads to the selection of individuals with extreme dominant and recessive genotype.

The second impact is stabilizing selection which leads to the selection of individuals with heterozygous genotype.

The third impact is directional selection which leads to the selection of only one type of genotype.

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