Question

Describe the assumptions of a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, and the two principles of this population at a single bi-allelic genomic locus.

Answer 1

A population is under hardy-weinberg equilibrium, then following assumptions are made -

There is no mutation acting on the population. Mutation inheritable change in DNA which will change the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the population is there occur in germline cell and are passed onto the next generation.

Migration is the the inflow and outflow of individuals from one place to another. Whenever individuals come to a new place, they interbreed with the individuals already present in that place and this changes the allelic and genotypic frequency of the population of that area. So there will be no migration in case of Hardy weinberg equilibrium.

Natural selection the is the most powerful force for evolution. It helps the organism to adapt better in its environment by positively selecting beneficial traits and negatively selecting harmful traits. This results in an increase in the frequency of positive values and a decrease in the frequency of negative allele and therefore changing allele frequencies across generations. Under hardy-weinberg equilibrium there is no change in frequency and therefore no natural selection.

The last exemption of Hardy weinberg equilibrium is that there will be no genetic drift. It is the sudden loss of alleles from a population resulting in the decrease in allele frequency. It may be caused due to a natural calamity or due to some anthropogenic Factor.

The principles of the population which is under hardy-weinberg equilibrium are that the population should be large in size and must show random waiting. Non random mating tends to change allele frequency across generation.

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