Question

Describe the physical, psychosocial, and cognitive changes that are associated with Early childhood age 3-6 years

Answer 1

In early childhood that is pre-school age physical development is ,

1. Physical Development

The physical development include the gross motor and fine motor Development.

* Child weight gains about 4 to 5 pounds per year.

*Grows 2 to 3 inches height every year. That is 5 to 7 cm .

* Vision is good at age 4 20/20

* Has 20 primary teeth is present

* Sleeping hours 11 to 13 hours .

* Pulse rate is average 95 beats in 3yrs.

Gross motor :

* Walks in straight line (3years)

*Runs without looking feet(3yrs)

*Catches ball with extended arms ( 3 years)

*Runs on tiptoe(4 years)

* Jumps from greater heights (4years)

* Alertness when feet descending stairs (4 years)

*Skip , alternates feet , jumps rope and jump over objects.(5years)

*Imitate dance steps if taught(5years)

* Walk in a balance .

Fine motor :

* Build a tower of 9 to 15 blocks

* Copies a circle

* Can help with simple household tasks

* Draw a simple face

*Crosses vertical lines

* May be able to print own name

*Copies letters .

2.Psychosocial Changes

* Negative counterpart: guilt

* Egocentric in thought and behavior

*Alternates between reality and imagination

*Tolerate short separation from parents

* Know own sex

* Physically and verbally aggressive

*Jealousy of siblings may be evident

* Demonstrate strong attachment for parents of opposite sex.

*Sexually curious

*Looks for parental encouragement and support

*Engages in cooperative play

*Appropriately relates to adults outside the family

3. Cognitive Changes

Changes in child thinking, intelligence and language skills.

* Memorize a poem

*Come up with creative strategy

* Upto 4 years of age is preconceptual phase , child begins to be able to give reasons for his belief and actions but not true cause effect relationship .

Example : child is thinking of if a glass broken it may hurt for that glass.

* Match pictures , count to ten

* Aware of basic safety . Sharp objects , and hot objects .

* Asks why questions

*Begins to understand time concepts.

*Forms logical conclusion

*Improve their ability to remember past events

*Learns right from wrong

*Accept rules : but doesn't always understand reason

*Exhibit increased attention span and Concentration.

*Understand terms like more than and less than

*Understand simple classification such as group of trees and animals