Question

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it is a study guide

11. What is the difference between thrombolytics and anticoagulants?

12. Know the mechanism of action of digoxin (Lanoxin) and warfarin (Coumadin) and the associated lab tests

13. Appropriate patient teaching for diuretic therapy.

14. Understand isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

15. Know the mechanism of actions: albuterol, diltiazem, metoprolol, losartan, lisinopril, atorvastatin, furosemide, and beclomethasone

16. What types of drugs cause immunosuppression? Know examples

17. Primary neurotransmitters of the Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System

18. Know the drug used to treat Tuberculosis (TB)

19. Study the antifungal drugs discussed in class

20. What are antacids

Answer 1

11

Thrombolytic- dissolve existing thrombi, activate plasminogen to plasmin leads to hydrolysis of fibrin and other coagulation factors., Used in myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, deep venous thrombosis.eg- streptokinase, urokinase

Anticoagulant- activate anticoagulation factors( antithrombin lll) ,some directly inhibit thrombin, some inhibit production of coagulation factor, Eg- warfarin, heparin, used to prevent blood coagulation

12

Warfarin- inhibit epoxide hydrase
• interfere with the synthesis of vitamin K and thus
inhibits activation of vitamin K-dependent clotting
factors (II, VII, IX, X)

Prothrombin time is used to monitor therapy

Digoxin- induce increase in intracellular sodium that drives influx of calcium in cardiac muscle which leads to increase contractibility of heart so cardiac output increases. Lab test to monitor is digoxin test.

13

Take diuretic in morning, nsaids and other medicine may interact with diuretic so it used be used by doctor guidance, keep monitoring your blood pressure, avoid using more salts.

14

Isotonic- different solutions having same osmotic pressure

Hypotonic- a solution is said hypotonic if its its osmotic pressure is low from other solution

Hypertonic- a solution is said hypertonic if its osmotic pressure is high from other solution

15

Albuterol- acts on beta 2 adrenergic receptors to relax bronchial muscle and also decrease release of hypersensitive secretions

Diltiazem- decrease calcium influx during cardiac muscle depolarization so makes muscle relax

Metoprolol- it is a beta blocker and thus lower blood pressure and heart rate

Losartan- blocks competitively the binding of angiotensin ll to angiotensin receptor thus blocks vasoconstriction action.

Lisinopril- inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme so reduce production of angiotensin ll

Atorvostatin- inhibit HMG - COA REDUCTASE thus prevent melvonate production and decrease cholesterol level

Furosemide- loop diuretic which increase excretion of sodium and water in kidney thus decrease blood pressure

Becalomethasone- corticosteroids decrease inflammatory response in asthma, rhinitis by suppression of inflammation cells like mast cells, basophil

16

Steroids cause immunosuppresion eg are predinisolone, methyl prednisolone, becalomethasone, dexamethasone, budesonide, fluticasone

17

Sympathetic system- nor adrenaline, adrenaline

Parasympathetic- acetylcholine

18

DRUG THERAPY

H- ISONIAZID

R- RIFAMPIN

Z- pyrazinamide

E- ethambutol

19

Antifungal drugs

Polyene antibiotics- amphotericin B , Nystatin, hamycin

Echinocandin antibiotics- caspofungin, micafungin

Heterocyclic compound- griseofulvin

Azoles- imidazole (ketoconazole, clotrimoxazole, oxiconazole) triazoles(fluconaxole, itraconazole, voriconazole)

Allylamine- terbinafine

20

Antacid is substance that neutralize stomach acid in acidity. Eg- magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide