Question

Which of the following is not a benefit of breast feeding for mothers?

breast feeding may reduce women's risk of breast cancer

it is cheaper (less money for formula, bottles, etc.)

women who breast feed lose weight faster after giving birth

breast feeding may reduce women's risk of ovarian cancer 2- According to Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory, infants are in the sensorimotor stage. formal operational stage. concrete operational stage. preoperational stage. 3- Little Leslie is two-months old. She loves to blow spit bubbles and squeeze them in her hand. This behavior is best classified as being in the ________ substage of sensorimotor development. Coordination of secondary circular reactions Secondary circular reactions Simple reflexes First habits and primary circular reactions 4- Sooner or later babies learn that despite losing sight of a person or an object, that person or object still exists. We watched a video of a mom playing with her son, who did not have this ability yet. The ability is what Piaget called object permanence. cognitive awareness. relational understanding. symbolic knowledge. 5- According to Piaget's theory, a scheme is (We used the analogy of "cubbies" to describe this in class.) something that we are not born with but develops after the sensorimotor period. mental representations of people, places, things, and actions that organize knowledge. extremely important for the sensorimotor stage, but not very important after that stage. a process of adjusting to new environmental demands. 6- When children incorporate new information into their existing schemes, it is called __________. However, when children adjust or reorganize their existing schemes to fit new information, it is called __________. equilibrium; disequilibrium cognition; schematization accomodation; assimilation assimilation; accomodation 7-

Answer 1

Answer-1: Women who breast feed lose weight faster after giving birth.

Explanation: This is not always true that mothers who breast feed lose their weight faster. Though researches found that breast feeding helps in reducing weight as your calories are used by baby but diet is also important if you want to reduce weight. On the other hand there is an argument that if mother is breast feed, she feels hungrier and consumes more calories that ultimately leads to weight gain.

Answer-2: Sensorimotor stage.

Explanation: according to Piaget’s theory, first stage is sensorimotor stage that starts from birth till the acquisition of language in infants. It is called sensorimotor because in this stage infants gain knowledge and understanding about the world through sensory organs (such as by hearing and vision) and through physical touch/ contact with objects (such as sucking, grasping and stepping).   

Answer-3: First habits and primary circular reactions.

Explanation: it is second sub-stage of sensorimotor stage, its duration is 1-4 months and in this sub-stage infant brings his/her hand to the mouth to suck and can also repeat this behavior. Infants recognize back and forth movement of their hand during this sub-stage.

Answer-4: Object permanence.

Explanation: This is also a sub-stage of sensorimotor stage and it starts from 8 to 12 months. Here infant is able to realize the coordination of reactions and therefore able to know that object still exists though it is away from sight. For example, hiding a ball under cover and infant tries to remove that cover to find the ball.

Answer-5: Mental representations of people, places, things, and actions that organize knowledge.

Explanation: According to Piaget’s theory, Schemas are basic building blocks of cognitive development and represent the knowledge about world. Schema is a system of organizing and perceiving new information around us. It helps us understanding the world and changes around us. It is a mental representation of everything around us in this world.

Answer-6: Assimilation; Accommodation.

Explanation: According to Piaget there are two processes named assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation is a process of perceiving adapting new information in contrast to pre-existing or older one. In assimilation children reinterpret new information to fit it with old ideas. On the other hand accommodation is taking new information and altering pre-existing one to fit according to new information. Accommodation happens when old information is not working and person needs to frame his/her ideas according to new information. For example, a child sees zebra first time and calls it horse as per his/her existing information about horse (assimilation) and then calls it zebra with new information of its characteristics and name (accommodation). Piaget said that both assimilation and accommodation run side by as they are two sides of a coin.

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