Question

You have a new client that wants to begin an endurance cycling program under your guidance. They start by giving you the following information while filling out their Health screening questionnaire.

• 45 yrs old and Female
• Weighs 65 kg and is 162 cm tall
• Smoker
• Recreational cyclist (30 min of cycling 4x per week)
• No current diagnosis of cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic disease
• No major signs or symptoms of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
• No orthopedic limitations to exercise
• Her father died of a heart attack at 65 yrs old, but her mother is still living at the age of 70.

She also brings you a blood profile and blood pressure from a visit to a physician last week. The results are below:

• BP = 135/95 mmHg
• HDL=50 mg/dL
• LDL=149 mg/dL
• Total cholesterol = 199 mg/dL
• Fasting blood glucose = 80 mg/dL

She would like for you to assess maximal exercise capacity (VO_2max) AND begin participating in high intensity cycling in order to train for an upcoming race in 8 weeks. Answer the following:

1. List her risk factors for CVD
2. Classify/stratify her as low, moderate or high risk for CVD
3. Can you perform a VO2 max test on her? Explain why or why not
4. Can she safely begin a high-intensity exercise training program? Explain why or why not.

Answer 1

A. Cvd or cardiovascular disease is the disease affecting the is the name for the group of disorders of heart and blood vessels, and include: hypertension (high blood pressure) coronary heart disease (heart attack) cerebrovascular disease (stroke) peripheral vascular disease.the risk factors of this case includes

•high cholesterol level, ie high level of LDL and low level

•Cigarette smoking can damage the heart and blood vessels, which increases your risk for heart conditions such as atherosclerosis and heart attack.

•family history of CAD.

Genetic factors likely play some role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and other related conditions. However, it is also likely that people with a family history of heart disease share common environments and other factors that may increase their risk.

The risk for heart disease can increase even more when heredity combines with unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking cigarettes and eating an unhealthy diet..

B. She is high risk for CVD because she has more than 2 risk factors such as high cholesterol, smoking, and hereditary and bp was on borderline.

C. Can perform vo2max in this patient. Vo2max is the test is a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen your body can utilize during exercise. It's also called peak oxygen uptake , maximal oxygen uptake, or maximal aerobic capacity. Tests that measure Vo2 max are considered the gold standard for measuring cardiovascular fitness.it is an aerobic test good for heart. She can do because she doesn't have any current pulmonary, cardio, metabolic diseases. And also she is not obese. So she can perform the test.

D. Yes, she can, High-intensity interval training consists of exerting maximal physical effort for an exercise set or period of time (typically less than two minutes) followed by a period of active recovery. The back-and-forth cycling between tough exertion and lighter movements has been proven to be a time-efficient way to exercise. HIIT can be done for anywhere between 15-45 minutes. HIIT workouts produce excellent results because they target lots of muscles and burn calories both during and after the actual exercise bout. While HIIT workouts seem like a sure-fire answer for quick weight loss and time efficiency, they’re not for everyone.

The following groups of people should probably avoid HIIT workouts, at least until their health changes:

*

People who are injured
*Women who are pregnant
*Women who are in the first 3-6 months postpartum
*People who are immune suppressed and/or sick
*People who have a heart condition or have recently undergone cardiac surgery
*People suffering from osteopenia or osteoporosis
*People with any form of incontinence, prolapse or pelvic floor weakness
*People who are brand new to exercise
*People who have no foundation of knowledge for how to perform exercise basics in proper form (ex: squats, lunges, push-ups, planks, etc.)

This patient doesn't belongs to any of these categories so she can do exercise.