Question

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1. Which cells of the pancreas are the endocrine cells? How were you able to differentiate these cells when viewing the slide? Do these cells make up the majority or the minority of the pancreatic tissue?

2. List the hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland. Identify which type of cell observed in this exercise releases each of the hormones.

3. What are Leydig cells, and how are they distinguished microscopically

4. What does the follicular epithelium of the thyroid do? How could you distinguish these cells from other cells of the thyroid?

5. List at least two ways in which you can distinguish between thyroid and parathyroid tissue.

Answer 1

1.The endocrine cells of the pancreas are the enclosed group of the cells known as islet of langerhans; contains alpha ,beta ,delta and gamma cells. The alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon , the beta cells secrete the insulin hormone ,delta cells is known to secrete the somatostatin hormone and the gamma cells produces pancreatic polypeptides.

It can be differentiated by the irregular patch or small island of cells like structure surrounded with blood capilaries under the microscope .

These cells make up the minority of the pancreatic tissue.The pancreatic tissue consist of majority of exocrine part -pancreatic acini and ducts and endocrine portion is in minority.

2. The hormones released by anterior pituitary gland -

a.Thyroid stimulating gland (TSH) - released by the Basophils or beta cells of anterior pituitary

b.Adrenocortico-trophic hormone (ACTH) -released by the Basophils or beta cells of anterior pituitary

c.Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH) -released by the Basophils or beta cells of anterior pituitary

d.Growth hormone (GH)- released by acidophils or alpha cells of anterior pituitary.

e.Prolactin hormone (PRL)-released by acidophils or alpha cells of anterior pituitary.

3. Leydig cells are the cells present in the testes near to the seminiferous tubule and release the testosterone under the influence with LH. Leydig cells under the microscope can be differentiated by the polyhedral lipid filled vesicles with bigger nucleus.

4.The follicular epithelium of the thyroid secrete the thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormones . The parafollicular cells present in thyroid gland are different than the follicular cells. It can be differentiated on the basis of the secretion they have. The parafollicular cells of thyroid secrete calcitonine in response to the increased blood calcium.

5. Difference between follicular and parafollicular thyroid tissue -

a.It can be differentiated by the structure, the follicular cells/tissue are made up of spherically arranged columnar shaped cells and many in number whereas parafollicular cells are of the shape of larger vesiscle in the connective tissue ,present between the group of follicular cells and few in number.

b.Parafollicular cells upatke the pale stain in comparison with the follicular cells.