Question

Answer all the questions.

Short answer:

Is there a difference between Body cavities and body systems, Explain?

Name the 5 cavities, and the organs that are contained within each cavity?

What are the organ functions?

What are the 2 different surgeries to remove gallbladder? Explain why you would have one over the other (include citations).

planes of the body: identify what organs are on each plane.

Answer 1

1. Body system is formed by a group of organs whereas body cavity is where organs are located.

2. Humans have five body cavities: (1) the dorsal body cavity that encloses the brain and spinal cord; (2) the thoracic cavity that encloses the heart and lungs; (3) the abdominal cavity that encloses most of the digestive organs and kidneys; and (4) the pelvic cavity that encloses the bladder and reproductive organs. (5)thoracic cavity

Brain and spinal cord constitute nervous system.

Heart helps in blood circulation.

Lungs help in gaseous exchange.

Digestive organs help in digestion.

Kidneys help in excretion.

3. planes of the body-

The following terms are defined in reference to the anatomical model being in the upright orientation (standing):

A transverse (also known as axial or horizontal) plane is parallel to the ground; in humans it separates the superior from the inferior, or put another way, the head from the feet.

A coronal (also known as frontal or lateral) plane is perpendicular to the ground; in humans it separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from the dorsal.

A sagittal (also known as anteroposterior) plane is perpendicular to the ground, separating left from right. The midsagittal plane is the specific sagittal plane that is exactly in the middle of the body.

The midsagittal or median plane is in the midline; i.e. it would pass through midline structures such as the navel or spine, and all other sagittal planes (also referred to as parasagittal planes) are parallel to it. Median can also refer to the midsagittal plane of other structures, such as a digit.

The axes and the sagittal plane are the same for bipeds and quadrupeds, but the orientation of the coronal and transverse planes switch. The axes on particular pieces of equipment may or may not correspond to axes of the body, especially since the body and the equipment may be in different relative orientations.

The cranial cavity cushions and protects the brain within a rigid skull. The other body cavities also cushion internal organs, but instead of being rigid, they have to be flexible for the heart, lungs, digestive organs, and reproductive organs to expand.

Dorsal body cavity

The dorsal body cavity protects organs of the nervous system and has two subdivisions. The cranial cavity is the area within the skull and encloses the brain. The spinal (vertebral) cavity encases the vertebral column and spinal cord.

Ventral Body cavity

Like the dorsal cavity, the ventral cavity has two subdivisions. The superior division is called the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity is surrounded by the ribs and muscles in the chest. It’s further sudorsal-and-ventral-body-cavitydivided into lateral pleural cavities (each pleural cavity envelopes a lung) and the mediastinum. Within The pericardial cavity lies within the mediastinum. It encloses the heart and remaining thoracic organs (trachea, esophagus, ect.).

The inferior division of the ventral body cavity is called the “abdominopelvic cavity” and is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm. The abdominopelvic cavity is also separated into two subdivisions, the “abdominal cavity” and “pelvic cavity“. The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, spleen, liver, intestines, and a few other organs. The pelvic cavity (inferior) contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs.

Abdominopelvic regions and quadrants”

Because it’s so large, the abdominopelvic cavity is separated into regions and quadrants. The quadrants are self-explanatory and can be figured out fairly easily by looking at the abdominopelvic cavity. They consist of the

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

The 9 regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are listed below

Umbilical region– center-most region (belly button)

Epigastric region– superior to the umbilical region (above belly)

Hypogastric region– inferior to the umbilical region (pubic area)

Right and left iliac (inguinal region)-located lateral to the hypogastric region

Right and left lumbar regions– lateral to the umbilical region

Right and left hypochondriac regions– lateral to the epigastric region

Other body cavities

Nasal cavity– is part of the respiratory system. Located within the nose (and posterior).

Orbital cavities– house the eyes

Oral cavity– the mouth, contains the teeth and gums

Synovial cavities– surround freely movable joints and secrete a lubricating fluid like serous membranes.