Question

Explain “phase variation” and “gene conversion” with examples.

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Answer 1

Gene conversion is the procedure by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence with the end goal that the sequence end up indistinguishable after the change. Gene conversion can be either allelic, implying that one allele of a similar gene replaces another allele, or ectopic, implying that one paralogous DNA changes over another.

Phase variation is a strategy for managing quickly shifting situations without requiring irregular transformation. It includes the variety of protein expression, oftentimes in an on-off form, inside various parts of a bacterial populace. Thusly the phenotype can switch at frequencies that are significantly higher (now and again >1%) than traditional transformation rates. Phase variation adds to virulence by creating heterogeneity. In spite of the fact that it has been most ordinarily contemplated with regards to immune evasion, it is seen in numerous different regions also and is utilized by different kinds of microscopic organisms, including Salmonella species.