Question

Define the levels of influence in the socio-ecological approach.

Answer 1

SEM Level	Description
Individual	-It Characteristics an individual that influence behaviour change, including knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, self-efficacy, developmental history, gender, age, religious identity, racial/ethnic/caste identity, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, financial resources, values, goals, expectations, literacy, stigma, and others.
Interpersonal	· Formal social networks and social support systems that influence individual behaviours, including family, friends, peers, co-workers, religious networks, customs or traditions.
Community	· Relationships among organizations, institutions, and informational networks within defined boundaries, including the built environment (e.g., parks), village associations, community leaders, businesses, and transportation.
Organizational	· Organizations or social institutions with rules and regulations for operations that affect how, or how well, for example, MNCHN services are provided to an individual or group; schools that include MNCHN in the curriculum.
Policy/Enabling Environment	· Local, state, national and global laws and policies, including policies regarding the allocation of resources for maternal, newborn, and child health and access to healthcare services, restrictive policies (e.g., high fees or taxes for health services), or lack of policies that require childhood immunizations.