Hi anyone can answar these questions or only part of them ?

1-What are the advantages of using thionyl chloride rather than other available chlorination agents?

2-When an oil bath is used to reflux a solution, why is it recommended ?

3-If charcoal is used in a recrystallization, how and why might Celite then be used subsequently?

4-Why is thionyl chloride removed by distillation at reduced pressure rather than at atmospheric pressure?

5-Illustrate the mechanism for the reaction of thionyl chloride and; (a) water and (b) a chiral alcohol.

6-Illustrate the mechanism of the reaction of cholesterol with PCl5 to yield 3-chloro-5-cholestene.

Determine the Ph

0.120 M NaClO and 4.50×10⁻² M KI

Express your answer using two decimal places.

For each solution: a.) Calculate the molarity b.)Write a chemical equation representing the formation of a solution your equation should start with: CH3CH2OH----> c.) Draw a molecular picture of the solution showing ions , solute molecules and water molecules

Ethanol solution: 2.00 mL ethanol (d=0.789g/mL) to make 150. mL of solution

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a high explosive because it is unstable and decomposes into several substances as follows: _NH4NO3--> _N2 + _O2 + _H2O. Balance the equation and then find the number of grams of each product if 42.54g of ammonium nitrate reacted.

Calculate air to fuel ratio by mass, for a four-cylinder SI engine running on i) gasoline and ii) a mixture of 20% methanol and 80% gasoline both at stoichiometric conditions. Assume gasoline is represented with C8H18 . Calculate any loss of power when gasoline-methanol mixture is used and discuss your results.

36.

What is the net ionic equation for the acid–base reaction of hydrobromic acid with sodium hydroxide?

A)

NaOH(aq) + HBr(aq) → H2O(l) + NaBr(aq)

B)

Na+(aq) + –OH(aq) + H+(aq) + Br–(aq) → H2O(l) + Na+(aq) + Br–(aq)

C)

Na+(aq) + –OH(aq) + H+(aq) + Br–(aq) → H+(aq) + –OH(aq) + Na+(aq) + Br–(aq)

D)

–OH(aq) + H+(aq) → H2O(l)

Which salt forms a basic solution when dissolved in water?

A) KCl B) NH4Br C) LiNO3 D) Na3PO4

44.

A solution containing a low concentration HCl is a weak acid.

A) True B) False

Mole fraction of n2

Mole fraction of o2

Answers given without the use of the given temperatures, pressures, and densities are wrong and have already been tried.

A gaseous mixture consists of 76.0 mole percent N₂ and 24.0 mole percent O₂ (the approximate composition of air). Suppose water is saturated with the gas mixture at 25°C and 1.00 atm total pressure, and then the gas is expelled from the water by heating. What is the composition in mole fractions of the gas mixture that is expelled? The solubilities of N₂ and O₂at 25°C and 1.00 atm are 0.0175 g/L H₂O and 0.0393 g/L H₂O, respectively.

(b) A vessel separated into two parts, A and B, by a bilayer lipid membrane contained an aqueous solution of KCl with concentration 0.01 mol L-1 in part A and 0.1 mol L-1 in part B and of NaCl with concentration 0.1 mol L-1 in part A and 0.01 mol L-1 in part B. The membrane included potassium channels, which made it permeable for K+ ions. The temperature of the vessel was kept at 30 o C. (i) Calculate the electrical potential between the two sides of the membrane (membrane potential). (ii) Explain how an increase of temperature and an addition of NaCl to part B will affect the membrane potential. Assume ideal behaviour of the solutions.

(a) A vessel is separated into two parts, A and B, by a bilayer lipid membrane containing Na+ channels. Part A holds an aqueous solution of NaCl with concentration 0.15 mol L-1 and of disaccharide sucrose with concentration 0.01 mol L-1 . Part B holds an aqueous solution of NaCl with concentration 0.015 mol L-1 . Calculate the electrical potential between the two sides of the membrane at 30 oC and at 50 oC. Neglect the effect of temperature on the molarity of the solutions. Assume that the membrane is not permeable for glucose and for Cl ions.

Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions:

(a) 0.195 g of cholesterol, C27H46O, in 0.100 L of serum, the average concentration of cholesterol in human serum

(b) 4.25 g of NH3 in 0.500 L of solution, the concentration of NH3 in household ammonia

(c) 1.49 kg of isopropyl alcohol, C3H7OH, in 2.50 L of solution, the concentration of isopropyl alcohol in rubbing alcohol

(d) 0.029 g of I2 in 0.100 L of solution, the solubility of I2 in water at 20 °C

Please show me above answers step by step...

thanks...

(a) A vessel is separated into two parts, A and B, by a bilayer lipid membrane containing Na+ channels. Part A holds an aqueous solution of NaCl with concentration 0.15 mol L-1 and of disaccharide sucrose with concentration 0.01 mol L-1 . Part B holds an aqueous solution of NaCl with concentration 0.015 mol L-1 . Calculate the electrical potential between the two sides of the membrane at 30 oC and at 50 oC. Neglect the effect of temperature on the molarity of the solutions. Assume that the membrane is not permeable for glucose and for Cl ions.

The relative energies of the eg and t2g orbitals are different for octahedral and tetrahedral complexes.

a. Draw both diagrams with labeled d orbitals (which d orbitals are which)

b. Explain why the different geometries have different orbital diagrams.

c. Why is the delta T always smaller than delta O?

Consider the four coordinate complexes [FeCl4]2-, [Ni(CN)4]2- or [AuCl4]-.

a. Which of these complexes do you expect to be square planar? Why?

b. Explain why this geometry is preferred using a crystal field splitting diagram and words.  

Draw and label crystal field splitting diagrams (including orbital labels) for the following complexes. Calculate he ligand field stabilization energy as a factor of Delta for each complex.

a. [Co(OH2)6]2+

b. [RH(NH3)6]2+

c. [NiCl4]2-