Part A

Escherichia coli (E. coli) can under optimal conditions double every 20.0 minutes. How long would it take a single cell to saturate a 5.0 L culture assuming that optimal growth conditions prevaled and that no cells died? The maximum cell denisty in a saturated culture is 10¹⁰ cells mL^-1. Enter your answer to the nearest tenth of an hour.

Part B

Consider the information in Part A and decide how long it would take for the 5.0 L culture to attain 1.0% saturation? Again, enter your answer to the nearest tenth of an hour.

Part C

Imagine that just after the culture described above became saturated a researcher poured the culture into 15.0 L of fresh growth media. How long would it take for this 20.0 L (total volume) cuture to become saturated, again, assuming that optimal conditions prevailed and that no cells died. Enter your answer to the nearest minute.

A chemist studying the reaction C2H4 (g) + I2 (g) ⇌ C2H4I2 (g) places 3.0 mol of C2H4 and 1.0 mol of I2 in a 2.0 L vessel and raises the temperature to 200.0 °C. At equilibrium, the concentration of C2H4I2 is 1.51 × 10-2 M. The chemist then adds 2.0 mol of I2 to the vessel and allows it to reach a new equilibrium. What is the concentration of C2H4I2 at the new equilibrium?

The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.

Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.

You will find it useful to keep in mind that

NH3

is a weak base.

Consider the Daniell cell, for which the overall cell reaction is Zn(s)+Cu2+(aq)⇌Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s) The concentrations of CuSO4 and ZnSO4 are 2.20×10⁻³ m and 1.10×10⁻³ m , respectively.

A)

Calculate E setting the activities of the ionic species equal to their molalities.

Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.

B)

Calculate γ±,ZnSO4 for the half-cell solutions using the Debye-Huckel limiting law.

Express your answer using three significant figures.

C)

Calculate γ±,CuSO4 for the half-cell solutions using the Debye-Huckel limiting law.

Express your answer using three significant figures.

D)

Calculate E using the mean ionic activity coefficients determined in part (b) and part (c).

Express your answer to four significant figures and include the appropriate units.

[NAC (Nanoparticle Assembled Capsule)] The purple dye used to demonstrate encapsulation in this experiment is a mixture. The components of this colour are Carmoisine (Red) and Indigo Carmine (Blue). The yellow colour Curcumin could not be encapsulated when tried. Why?

Please be specific in terms of molecular structure and its chemical properties.

Suppose a 500. mL flash is filled with 1.1 mol of CO, 1.6 mol of NO and 0.90 mol of CO2. The following reaction becomes possible: NO2(g)+CO(g)=NO(g)+CO2(g).

the equilibrium constant K for this reaction is 0.209 at the temperature of the flask. Calculate the equilibrium molarity of NO. Round to the nearest two decimals.

1. a) Show the balanced half reactions and the total balanced reaction for the following redox reaction in acidic solution.

RuO4 + H2SeO3 → Ru3+ + SeO42-

b) Comment on whether you expect this reaction to be spontaneous. Show all of your work.b

2 (a) Use the Lattimer diagram for chlorine in basic conditions to determine the potential for reduction of ClO4- to Cl2 .

(b) Write a balanced equation for this half reaction

When tert-butanol is placed in the presence of excess equimolar amounts of chloride and bromide ions in aqueous acid experimental data indicates 45% tert-butyl chloride and 55% tert-butyl bromide is obtained. On the other hand, when n-butanol is placed in the presence of excess equimolar amounts of chloride and bromide ions in aqueous acid experimental data indicates 16% of n-butyl chloride and 84% n-butyl bromide is obtained. Now when n-butanol is placed in the presence of excess equimolar amounts of chloride ions and bromide ions in acid dimethyl sulfoxide the experimental data provides an 84% n-butyl chloride and 16% n-butyl bromide as the outcome.

1.) write balanced chemical equations for all three reactions (hint: account for mole ratios!).

2.) draw complete mechanisms for all three reactions.

3.) calculate the theoretical yield for the chlorides and bromides if each reaction was started with 5.55ml of the corresponding alcohol, using an aqueous acid media.

Sample: tert
Theoretical g of chloride
Theoretical g of bromide

Sample: n-
Theoretical g of chloride
Theoretical g of bromide

Writing and balancing the equations is what is really throwing me off

what are the functional groups in organic chemistry?

please list the must know ones in a bond-like template.

Experiment - Claisen Condensation Reactions:

In this experiment, we performed a Claisen condensation reaction of ethyl phenylacetate using potassium tert-butoxide to form ethyl 3-oxo-2,4-diphenylbutanoate and ethanol without using a solvent. This allowed us to reduce waste, have reagents that have a relatively low toxicity level, and made the reaction much more convenient.

Question 2: If this reaction were run in a solution (as opposed to solvent-free) it would require several hours of refluxing and provide a much smaller yield. Why is this the case?

I cannot seem to find an answer to this question. The only thing that I can find is that the reaction is reversible when a solvent is used (which I'm assuming means that the reaction is not reversible when there is no solvent). If this is correct, why is the reaction reversible when a solvent is used, and not reversible when a solvent is not used?

A source for the answer would be appreciated if possible.

Thank you for the help in advance!

Develop a hypothesis to explain why the protein is folded in its native state

A 2.46 g sample of a substance suspected of being pure gold is warmed to 72.7 ∘C and submerged into 15.0 g of water initially at 24.7 ∘C. The final temperature of the mixture is 26.6 ∘C.

Part A:

What is the specific heat capacity of the unknown substance?

Part B:

Could the substance be pure gold?

1. Name and draw two biocompatible hydrophilic polymers. Briefly describe their applications. Circle the functional groups that interact with water. What type(s) of interaction is (are) involved?

2. Draw the following tripeptides in their predominant form at pH 7. Determine the net charge of the predominant form of the peptides at pH 1, pH 7, and pH 12. a. Phe-Thr-Lys b. Trp-Arg-Asp

If you began with 5.5 mL of 0.20 M NaHCO₃, how many mL of 0.10M HCl would you need to add to get a pH 7 buffer? Given that carbonic acid, H₂CO₃, has a pK_a1 = 6.37 and a pK_a2 = 10.33