500kgh-1 of a 10% w/w solutionof a compoun X(OH)2 is to be treated using a 5% excess of 20% w/w solution of Na2CO3 to precipitate the X as its carbonate according to the balanced reaction equation: X(OH)2 + Na2CO3 ------> XCO3 + 2NaOH All the solid is filtered off but some solution remains with the solid such that the solution forms 4% w/w of the total mass removed. the filtered liquid product is then neutralised with 2 molar hydrochloric acid according to the reactions NaCO3 + 2HCl -----> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2 NaOH + HCl -----> NaCl + H2O Calculate: 1. the amount (kgh-1) of sodium carbonate solution required. 2. the amount (kgh-1) and composition (%w/w) of the solid product after filtration 3. the amount (kgh-1) and composition (%w/w) of the solid product after filtration. 4. the amount of acid (in litres per hour) required for neutralisation data: Relative atomic mass of X= 40, O=16, H=1, Na= 23, C= 12, Cl= 35.5

Mass spectrometry

You examine the MS data from a GC-MS analysis. You notice there is quite a lot of fragmentation but are ansure if the molecular ion is visible.Explain,in detail,why this might be the case and what you could do to ensure you can work out the molecular mass of the analyte?

A.)Use the steady-state approximation

B.)And the rate determining step approximation to derive the rate equation.The gas-phase decomposition of ozone, 2O₃ -> 3O₂, is believed to have the mechanism. M is any molecule.   Compare the the results of the 2 methods

              k₁

O₃ + M ? O₂ + O + M fast equilibrium

  k_-1

O + O₃ -> 2O₂                        Slow

k₂

Prelab to accompany bromination of trans-cinnamic acid (4 pts each)

The stoichiometry of the addition is 1:1, meaning that for every one mole of transcinnamic acid, one mole of Br2 is needed to form the addition product. The Br2 presents as a solution in dichloromethane solvent. This often causes problems for students when calculating stiochiometric equivalents. The bromine solution is 10% Br2 by volume. For instance, 100 mL of solution contains 10 mL of liquid Br2. The density of Br2 is 3.12 g/mL.

Calculate the number of mmol of Br2 present in 0.48 mL of bromine solution

Calculate the number of mmol in 100. mg of trans-cinnamic acid (use a MW calculated to 2 decimal places)

Which is the limiting reagent?

What is the theoretical yield of the addition product? (use a MW calculated to 2 decimal places)

Show all calculations.

Inorganic Chem: Please show neat, well explained answer

Homogeneous Catalysis

Explain why Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl rapidly undergoes oxidative addition reactions.

There is 50,000 times more cobalt available in the Earth’s crust. Why don’t we use Co(PPh₃)₃Cl for alkene hydrogenation?

Please describe in detail the mechanism for the formation of 2R,3S/2S,3R-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. Based on the stereochemistry of bromine addition.

Please, don't only use drawings (although they can be of help), i would pefer it written. Thankyou.

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of water (1 g/cm³) what is a reasonable total volume?

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of water (1 g/cm³) what is a reasonable final density?

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of water (1 g/cm³) what is a reasonable final mass?

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of oil (.85 g/cm³) what is a reasonable total volume?

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of oil (.85 g/cm³) what is a reasonable final density?

If you add a 1 cm³ (1 ml) cube of salt (density 2.16 g/cm³) to 10 ml of oil (.85 g/cm³) what is a reasonable final mass?

Over the course of the semester, we studied several techniques (spectrophotometry, acid-base titrations, redox experiments) to answer questions related to quantification and identification of compounds, kinetics of chemical reactions,and equilibrium constants. With some background research, write a researchable question that could be answered with one or more of the techniques used during the semester.Write a research plan to answer the question. The plan does not have to be a detailed step by step procedure, but an overview of the experiment including controls and how you would “work up” the data to answer your question.

The question I would like is...how to determine the quanity in compounds? But to me it seems like question is not really a research question.

.

A gas mixture in a 1.00L reaction vessel at 100ºC contains 4.5 mol of Br(g) and 33.1 mol F2(g). Compte the mole fraction of each gas in this mixture.

When this mixture is heated to 150ºC, Br2(g) and F2(g) react to form BrF5(g) according to the following balanced chemical reaction: Br2(g)+ 5F2(g)---------- 2 BrF5(g). At a certain point, 2.2 mol of BrF5(g) is present in this reaction vessel. Determine the mole fractions of Br2(g), F2(g) and BrF5(g) at this point in the reaction.

Assuming the reaction goes to complection (one or both of the reactants is limiting),

What will be the total pressure inside this vessel? What are the partial pressures of all the components present?

Calculate the root mean squared velocity of the components present after the reaction is complete?

A voltaic cell consists of a Pb/Pb2+ half-cell and a Cu/Cu2+ half-cell at 25 ?C. The initial concentrations of Pb2+ and Cu2+ are 5.30

Ammonium nitrate is the most commercially important chemical product containing the ammonium ion.

1.List and describe at least two grades of commercially available ammonium nitrate..

2.Why does OSHA require employers to store bulk quantities of ammonium nitrate within a bin that is clean and free of contaminants? Give an example of a contaminant, and describe its interaction with ammonium nitrate..

Your total response must be at least 200 words in length.

In a titration of 47.76 mL of 0.3886 M nitrous acid with 0.3886 M aqueous sodium hydroxide, what is the pH of the solution when 47.76 mL of the base have been added?

A rigid container whose volume can be varied with the use of a piston contains 2.53 mol H₂ gas at STP.

(a) What is the volume of the gas?
_____L

(b) The container is cooled to 209 K. The piston is held fixed so the volume does not change. What is the new pressure inside the container?
____atm

(c) The temperature of the container is held at 209 K and 1.55 mol He gas is added to the container. The pressure inside the container is held constant, but the piston is released so the volume of the container can vary. What is the final volume of the container?
_____ L

(d) What are the partial pressures of H₂ and He in the container in part (c)?

(e) The piston on the container in part (c) is set to maintain a constant pressure of 1 atm. The container is then heated from 209 K to 380 K.What is the minimum amount of heat that must be added to the container for it to reach 380 K?
______ J

Calculate ΔG° for the following reaction as written

Ni²⁺ (aq) + Sn (s) → Ni (s) + Sn²⁺ (aq)

given the following reduction half-reactions and standard reduction potentials.

Sn²⁺ (aq) + 2 e^- → Sn (s)      E° = -0.15V

Ni²⁺ (aq) + 2 e^- → Ni (s)      E° = -0.25V

Calculate the density of oxygen, O 2 , under each of the following conditions: STP 1.00 atm and 35.0 ∘ C Express your answers numerically in grams per liter. Enter the density at STP first and separate your answers by a comma.