Post Lab Questions:

1. Describe the underlying principle of VSEPR theory.

2. Explain why two compounds with the same generic formula, NH₃ and BH₃, have different geometries and different shapes.

3. Why are the structures of H₂S and H₂O so similar? Why are the structures of O₃and SO₂ so different?

4. Although PH₃ and BH₃ both contain bonds with similar polarity, one molecule is polar while the other molecule is nonpolar. Explain.

5. Write a detailed procedure for converting a chemical formula into a Lewis structure and how to determine the shape, and polarity from this Lewis structure.

Plz you can number the answes that will be very helpful. Thanks

Suppose 39.4g of zinc chloride is dissolved in 250.mL of a 0.60 M aqueous solution of potassium carbonate. Calculate the final molarity of zinc cation in the solution. You can assume the volume of the solution doesn't change when the zinc chloride is dissolved in it. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.

How many rotational degrees of freedom are there in a carbon dioxide (CO2) molecule? Under low pressure, CO2 gas heated up to high enough temperature to excite its translational, rotational and vibrational modes, (i) find its specific heats and (ii) compare the specific heats from (i) and literature values at moderate temperatures.

a)Provide two examples of corrosion that are destructive.

For each, provide the chemical equation that describes the corrosion, and an example of an object that could be impacted by it. For example rust on vehicles compromising the frame.

b)Which reactions would you combine in a galvanic cell to give you the greatest voltage, why? Why would it be hard to create such a galvanic cell?

Calculate the pZn of a solution prepared by mixing 25.0 mL of 0.0100 M EDTA with 50.0 mL of 0.00500 M Zn²⁺. Assume that both the Zn²⁺ and EDTA solutions are buffered with 0.100 M NH₃ and 0.176 M NH₄Cl.

An analysis of the inorganic constituents of a raw water yielded the following results:
Ca^+2= 63 mg/L
Mg^+2= 15 mg/L
Na^+=20 mg/L
K^+= 10 mg/L
CO3^-2= 16 mg/L
HCO3^-1= 189 mg/L
SO4^-2= 80 mg/L
Cl^- =14 mg/L
a) Compute the total hardness
b) Find carbonate and non-carbonate hardness as mg/L CaCO3

Please show step by step solution. Thank you.

1. Vanadium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice, and the length of the edge of a unit cell is 305 pm. what is the density of V?

2. Vanadium crystallizes in a face-centered cubic lattice, and the length of the edge of a unit cell is 305 pm. what is the density of V?

3. Vanadium crystallizes in a single-centered cubic lattice, and the length of the edge of a unit cell is 305 pm. what is the density of V?

Please explain the works.

You are designing a system to add CO2 to water to make carbonated water (sparkling water, like Club Soda or Perrier). If the gas pumped into the bottle above the water is at a pressure of 2 atmospheres and is composed of 100% CO2, what is the equilibrium concentration of dissolved CO2 in the water? If the pH of the water is 5.0, what is the concentration of CO3^-2, HCO3-, and H2CO3 ? (KH=0.0334 mol/L*atm)
CO2(aq) + H2O<-----> H2CO3

H2CO3 <----> H^+ + HCO3^- pKa=6.35
HCO3^- <------> H^+ + CO3^2-    pKa=10.33

Please show step by step solution. Thank you.

Use tabulated electrode potentials to calculate ΔG∘ for the reaction 2K(s)+2H₂O(l)→H₂(g)+2OH⁻(aq)+2K⁺(aq)

Explain (giving at least one example) how stable isotopes of oxygen (i.e. 16O and 18O) can be used to measure the paleotemperature of the ocean, specifically based on calcium carbonate in “shells?”

Enough of a monoprotic weak acid is dissolved in water to produce a 0.0122 M solution. The pH of the resulting solution is 2.64 . Calculate the Ka for the acid.

In a 1.0× 10–4 M solution of HClO(aq), identify the relative molar amounts of these species from least to most. HNO3, OH^-,H3O^+,NO3^-,H2O

Use the balanced equation for the combustion of ethane to complete the table.

1) The percent ionization of a certain weak acid is 3.14%. If the starting concentration of the acid is 0.55 M, what is the Ka of the acid?

2) What is the pH of a buffer made by mixing 575 mL of 0.150 M potassium acetate with 450 mL of 0.225 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 × 10^–5 )?

3. Liquid Coffee Mate has many ingredients including corn syrup solids, vegetable oil, and sodium caseinate (a milk derivative). Classify each of these substances into the following categories of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins. Which substance(s) is/are responsible for the result you obtained with the biuret reagent?

4. Research the substance pepsin. What is it used for? If you were to test the enzyme amylase, what result would you expect with the biuret reagent? Why?

5. You enjoy the following snack one afternoon: a can of Pepsi, pretzels, and sliced apples with peanut butter. Would any of these four food items yield a positive result with biuret reagent? If so, which one(s) and why?