In: Nursing
Please, kindly explain ETIOLOGY OF HIV. Thank you
HIV refers to HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
It causes a disease called as AIDS that is acute immunodefeciency syndrome.it is a unique, STI which have no manifestation in genitalia but profound systemic manifestation.
HIV is a virus which belongs to the group Retrovirus family and genus lentivirinae and
is an enveloped virus
genetic material :- single stranded RNA virus
Genome of HIV contains
three structural genes
1) Gag(group specific antigen):- core protein : p24
matrix protein :p17
2)Pol (polymerase) :-Reverse transcriptase:p51
Protease:p11
Integrase:-p32
3Env(envelope) :- outer envelope glycoprotein :gp120
Trans membrane envelop glycoprotein :gp41
Six Non structural genes
Vif, vpr, vpu,rev,tat,nef
Pathogenesis:- it attaches to the CD4 receptors on T cells and destroys it, these leads to suspectible of individuals to virus and many oppourtunistic infection
two antigenic types are there one is HIV1 &HIV 2
HIV1 | HIV2 | |
Virulence | more | less |
Envelope antigens | gp120 and gp41 | gp140 and gp36 |
Matrix protein antigens | p17 | p16 |
Capsid protein antigen | p24 | p26 |
Modes of transmission
ROUTE | EFFICACY |
Blood transfusion | >90% |
Perinatal |
13 - 40% |
Sexual intercourse anal vaginal |
1% per episode 0.1% per episode |
Intravenous drug use | 0.5 -1% |
Needle stick injury | 0.3% |