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In: Nursing

Please, kindly explain ETIOLOGY OF HIV. Thank you

Please, kindly explain ETIOLOGY OF HIV. Thank you

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Expert Solution

HIV refers to HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

It causes a disease called as AIDS that is acute immunodefeciency syndrome.it is a unique, STI which have no manifestation in genitalia but profound systemic manifestation.

HIV is a virus which belongs to the group Retrovirus family and genus lentivirinae and

is an enveloped virus

genetic material :- single stranded RNA virus

Genome of HIV contains

three structural genes

1) Gag(group specific antigen):- core protein : p24

                                                  matrix protein :p17

2)Pol (polymerase)   :-Reverse transcriptase:p51

                                   Protease:p11

                                  Integrase:-p32

3Env(envelope) :- outer envelope glycoprotein :gp120

                               Trans membrane envelop glycoprotein :gp41

Six Non structural genes

          Vif, vpr, vpu,rev,tat,nef

Pathogenesis:- it attaches to the CD4 receptors on T cells and destroys it, these leads to suspectible of individuals to virus and many oppourtunistic infection

two antigenic types are there one is HIV1 &HIV 2

HIV1 HIV2
Virulence more less
Envelope antigens gp120 and gp41 gp140 and gp36
Matrix protein antigens p17 p16
Capsid protein antigen p24 p26

Modes of transmission

ROUTE EFFICACY
Blood transfusion >90%

Perinatal

13 - 40%

Sexual intercourse

anal

vaginal

1% per episode

0.1% per episode

Intravenous drug use 0.5 -1%
Needle stick injury 0.3%

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