Question

Brenna and her lifelong friend Megan are catching up on the latest in each other's lives, and they are discussing how shocked they were to hear about the deaths of two of their high school classmates. Now in their late forties, Brenna and Megan have both had families and their own personal share of health issues, but no one they know in their age group has had cancer before. They feel like they're still "too young" to know people their age who pass away, let alone from cancer.

1. Megan expresses her fears about developing cancer. She tells Brenna how cancer runs in her family, with family members on both sides having had a cancer diagnosis before. Megan is paranoid that this fear is starting to take over her life because she is constantly reading about ways to prevent cancer. One of the topics that keeps getting brought up in her readings is healthy eating and foods that may cause cancer.

Which of the following is considered to be part of a "carcinogenic diet"?

a. high animal-based protein intake

b. high alcohol consumption

c. high fat intake

d. low fruit and vegetable intake

e. low fiber intake

f. All of these are correct.

2. Reflecting on what has happened to many of their classmates, Megan and Brenna realize how healthy they are compared to the majority of their graduating class. Both struggled with celiac disease and endometriosis in their twenties and early thirties, but through diet and lifestyle, they were able to manage and minimize their conditions. Neither has had a major health problem in over 16 years.

Brenna and Megan's nutritional health could be defined as what according to the Continuum of Nutritional Health?

a. chronic condition

b. terminal illness and death

c. resilient and healthy.

d. clinical condition

e. altered substrate availability

f. nonspecific signs and symptoms

3. Brenna and Brett's girls are now in high school. Their parents have always taught them to "choose the rainbow" in order to consume a variety of nutrients in their diet. One day, Silvia asks her mom, "Why do we even have to do this? I hate fruit." Brenna explains that certain compounds in many plant-based foods have been shown to reduce chronic disease risk.

Which of the following compounds is she talking about?

a. aromatic compounds

b. oxidative compounds

c. phenolic compounds

d. flavonoid compounds

4. Megan and Brenna keep each other accountable in taking their daily blend of potassium, calcium, folate, and vitamin D supplements. They have heard that all of these micronutrients help with bone growth and development. Brenna's mom had osteoporosis in her 60s, and Brenna is worried she will have a higher likelihood of developing it. True or False: These four nutrients—potassium, calcium, folate, and vitamin D—all play a role in decreasing the risk of osteoporosis. a. True b. False

5. Brenna says that she has been keeping up with her vitamin D supplements and, after reading a recent article online, she has also been eating foods with lots of vitamins A and E, as they are both rich in antioxidants. Brenna rattles off several awesome health benefits of getting these nutrients from food. Then she lets Megan know that the real promoting factor in eating foods rich in these nutrients is that they "help keep you looking pretty longer. Why give that up a day sooner than need be?"

Which of the following are roles of vitamin E?

a. anti-inflammatory properties

b. increasing turgor of skin

c. involved in immune function

d. maintenance and repair of cell membranes

e. anti-inflammatory properties, involved in immune function, and maintenance and repair of cell membranes

f. All of these are correct.

6. Brenna and Megan have been very busy for the past decade taking care of their growing children. They are now hoping to look after themselves a bit more. They decide to partner up and make New Year's resolutions about living a healthier lifestyle, in particular regarding the Physical Activity Guidelines.

Which goal matches the Physical Activity Guidelines?

a. 100 minutes of moderate activity per week

b. 150 minutes of moderate activity per week

c. 75 minutes of moderate activity per week

d. 120 minutes of moderate activity per week

e. 60 minutes of moderate activity per week

Answer 1

1.Cancer occurs due to the damage or mutations in our DNA .Carcinogenic diet is the one which increases the risk of cancer.In this question option F is correct.High animal based protein especially red meat is linked to colorectal cancer.Red meat has compounds which can trigger the formation of Carcinogenic compounds and increase cancer risk.

High alcohol consumption increases the risk of cancer.High consumption of alcohol increase the risk of head and neck cancer,Liver cancer and colorectal cancer.

High fat intake also increases the risk of cancer

Low intake of fruits and vegetables increase the risk of cancer.fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals.Low intake of these can increase the risk of gastrointestinal cancer.

Low fiber increase the risk of cancer especially colon cancer.

2.Option C is correct.Megan and Brenna are resilient and healthy.Their metabolic systems are in homeostasis and organs are functioning properly.

Option A is incorrect because both of them don't have any chronic condition.There is no altered metabolism or irreversible tissue changes in their bodies.

Option B is incorrect because both of them are leading a healthy life and no terminal illness .

Option D is incorrect because there is no signs and symptoms of disease visible in both of them.

Option E is incorrect because altered substrate availability occurs when intake doesn't meet the need .In this case both are taking balanced diet.

Option F is incorrect because non specific signs and symptoms occurs when there is insufficient take of nutrients and cause some disorder like insulin resistance.

3.Option D is correct . Flavonoids are found in fruits and rich in antioxidants and reduce the risk of chronic disease.Flavonoids fight against free radicals and protects the body.

Option c is also correct.Phenolic compounds are found in fruits and plants.Antioxidants are present in this Phenolic compounds and reduce the risk of chronic disease in humans.

Option A is incorrect because aromatic compounds helps to enhance the smell and taste in fruits.

Option B is incorrect because fruits contains antioxidant and protects the cell from damage caused by free radicals.

4.option A is correct.Potassium, calcium,folate and vitamin D can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.Vitamin D helps to keep the bone strong and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.Studies have shown that optimal intake of potassium, folate, calcium and vitamin D helps to reduce osteoporosis.

5.Option E is correct.Vitamin E is essential nutrients and helps our cells from the damage.Vitamin E has antioxidant and fight against inflammation and reduce the damage of free radicals.Vitamin E helps to moisturize the dry flaking skin.

Option B is incorrect because Vitamin E helps to reduce the dehydration and moisturize the skin.Vitamin E decrease the skin turgor of the skin.

Option F is incorrect because Vitamin E helps to moisturize the skin and used for dry ,flaked skin.

6.Option B is correct.Adults should exercise 150 minutes of moderate activity in a week for healthy life.They should exercise for 30minutes for 5 days in a moderate intensity.

Option A is incorrect because adults should exercise 150 minutes in a week.

Option C is incorrect because 75 minutes of high intensity aerobic exercise should be done.

Option D is incorrect because it's 150 minutes of moderate intensity.

Option E is incorrect because 150 minutes of moderate intensity is needed.