Question

developmental biology

1. The germ layer in frogs thst is induced is

a) ectoderm

b) endoderm

c) mesoderm

d) none kf the above

2. Blastema during newt limb regeneration becomes

a) 0.5

b) 1

c) 2

d) 5

3. A unique mammalian stage of development is referred to as

a) cleavage

b) blastocyst

c) gastrulation

d) fertilization

4. The stagebof cortical rotstion during frog embryogenesis starts approximately ______% into the first cell division

a) 1%

b) 5%

c) 50%

d) 70%

5. Protein dsh is involved in regulating the stability of the proteins

a) Dpp

b) Wnt

c) Hh

d) beta-catenin

6. One protein that is not found during flatworm regeneration

a) BMP

b) Noggin

c) Wnt

d) none of the above

Answer 1

1. Frog thst is the outer and tough membrane that is derived from the ectoderm germ layer and leads to the development of the brain in the frog further which is thus developing from the ectoderm germ layer which has been formed during the process of gastrulation.

2. Blastema during the new limb regeneration lead to the development of the small bud is around 0.5-micron size and that leads to the further development and regeneration of the limb of the organism. The bud further undergoes the repetitive cell division to increase the cell population through the different cleavage patterns and lead to the development of the new limb.

3. Every animal has a difference in their development pattern and it has been seen that the three germ layer formation is required in most of the animals for the development of the organs of the animals. Thus the gastrulation and blastula formation can be the answer to this question. It has been seen that the uniqueness can be found in the cleavage pattern which has been followed to lead to undergo morula and further blastula stage. Thus, even mammals have a unique cleavage during development.

4. Stageborf cortical rotation during the embryogenesis decided the cleavage of the cell to undergo the cell division thus till this stage only 1% of the cell has undergone the cell division process.

5. Protein dsh is cytoplasmic phosphoprotein which regulates the downstream signal transduction through the drizzle receptor and regulates and stabilizes the wnt protein.

6. BMP protein is required for the regeneration in case of the flatworm for the asymmetric regeneration process. Further, the wnt has also seen to be required for the tail regeneration in the flatworms while that of the Noggin and Noggin like protein lead to the regeneration of the dorsal part of the body due which mentioned all three proteins are required for the regeneration and hence, the correct option to this question is none of the above.