Question

CFT describes how the five-fold degeneracy of a metal atom’s d-orbitals is split into two sets, the E_g and the T_2g sets of orbitals, when 6 ligands, L, coordinate the metal and are positioned at the vertices of an octahedron.Describe the condition(s) required to make the five d-orbitalsall non-degenerate. Provide suffice reasoning for full credit!

Answer 1

!) a d subeshell is five fold degenerte it cantians d(xy), d(yz) d (xz), d(x2-y2) and dz2 all these d orbitals are degnerate orbits that means orbitals have same energy, but it is possible only under folowing conditions 1. isolated transition gaseous metal tatom, 2) when a transition metal atom or ion is surrounded by symmetriacal -ve field

but in fact tansition metal atom usally surrouded by 1.ligands, or solvent or water or ions due to whoch it loses degeracy and spilit in to diferent groups differ in energy is called crystal field splitting for an example in octahedral complxeses it split in t0 two groups . they are 1) lower enrgy set of orbitals callled t2g (dxy ,dyz and dzx) and another group of higher energy orbitals called eg orbitals (dx2-y2) and dz2)

d - orbitals ................................dxy ,dyz  dzx (t2g) triply degenerate orbitals

....................................dx2-y2  and dz2

eg orbittals lobes are directly facing ligands ,get repelled , incrsese energy so that they possess higher energy than

t2g orbitals the enregy difference between eg  and t2g  orbitals is called crystal field splittingn . In octhedron shape 6 ligansds are oreiented at 6 corner s of a regular octahdraon