Question

I have a urinary analysis that I am working on
patient info: 12 yrs old, losing weight, always hungry, getting up twice to use the bathroom
Physical exam:
respirations: 15/min
BP: 125/80mmHg
Pulse: 75/min
temp:37C
BLood values:
pH:735
WBC: 8200/mm
blood glucose: 260 mg/dL
albumin: 4.0g/L
Urinalysis
pH: 5.0
glucose: 1,00mg/dL
ketone: large
specifc gravity: 1.006
leukocytes, nitrite, protein: negative
color: light yellow, clear

Question: why is this patient always hungry if she is eating well? explain anatomy and physiology

Answer 1

Diagnosis - Type I Diabetes

A. The basic pathophysiology is type I diabetes is deficiency of insulin (that occurs due to destruction of beta cells of pancreas). Glucose is most important source of energy and insulin hormone is required for its utilisation. Insulin is released when blood glucose is high and it stimulate uptake of glucose by cells, cells utilize this glucose for energy. So if there is insulin deficiency then cell/body can not utilize glucose of energy, that's why the patient is always hungry (Polyphagia).

• His blood glucose is high because of deficiency of insulin.
• High blood glucose results in glucosuria (presence of glucose in urine).
• Glucose is osmotic active substance, presence of glucose in urine causes polyuria.
• Ketone bodies are present because cells start using fat for energy and ketone bodies are byproduct of fat metabolism.