Question

1. From a strictly mechanistic point of view (i.e., ignoring practicalities, FDA approval, etc), what drugs might be most appropriate for a breast cancer patient with the following known mutations? Explain with signaling diagrams please.

   (a) BRCA2 mutation (b) CDKN2A mutation

Answer 1

Mutation is a reaction is to disrupt the growth of normal cell division and may lead to cell divide uncontrolled and cell become malignant. Mutation of a cell is caused by physical ( UV radiation) or chemical reagent( Ethidium bromide). The cell have both balanced growth and death of cell tissues. Oncogenes, which gain of function and become cancer and Proto-oncogenes or Tumor suppressor genes which loss function become cancer.

a) BRCA2 is a tumor suppressor gene as p53 can promote cell death. But the action of mdm2 (negative regulator) is inhibited the activity of BRCA2. So, BRCA2 and mdm2 is attached and form the BRCA2-MDM2 complex. So, in these cases applied the drug, Nutlin2 can bind with BRCA2 and mdm2 can't bind with BRCA2. So, BRCA2 is become free and regulates the cell division. So the breast cancer cells can control the cell division.

b) CDK ( Cyclin-Dependent Kinase) it may be activated by cyclin enzyme and ATP placed in the proper place. And may get phosphorylated and become Protein synthesis. But used Flavopiridol is a drug, it may be placed in CDK instead of ATP, so the energy not be available and the process would become stopped. The cell signaling gets stopped due to the insufficiency of energy. And the can't divide uncontrolly.