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2. ASN-0819-NS-AM COMMUNITY (8/3/20-8/21/20) ELP
3. Topic 2
4. Case Scenario #6

Case Scenario #6

A 59-year-old woman went to see her doctor, as she had been unwell for the past 3 days. She initially noticed a nonproductive cough, and then she became abruptly worse with a marked fever, headache, and shivering. Since then she had developed muscle aches all over her body, especially in the legs, and her eyes had become watery and painful to move. She was a nonsmoker, previously fit and well, and on no regular medication. On examination, she was febrile (38.2∞C), and had difficulty in breathing through her nose, but there were no other abnormal physical signs. A throat swab was taken, broken off into viral transport medium, and sent to the laboratory. Immunofluorescent staining with a monoclonal antibody against influenza A virus was positive, confirming a diagnosis of acute influenza virus infection.

1.In which order will the nurse arrange the items for the infection chain beginning with the first step?

1. A mode of transmission

2. An infectious agent or pathogen

3. A susceptible host

4. A reservoir or source for pathogen growth

5. A portal of entry to a host

6. A portal of exit from the reservoir

a.	3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 6
b.	1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2
c.	4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5
d.	2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3

2. Which actions will the nurse take to prevent the spreading of this disease?

Answer 1

1. d

The infectious chain begins with

*Infectious agent - the pathogen which causes an infection

* Reservoir - The habitat where infectious agent living and multiplying. For example: Humans, animals, soil or water

* Portal of exit - Throughwhich the infectious agent escapes from the reservoir. For example: unclean objects, aerosols, secreations

*Mode of Transmission - The way in which infectious agent spread from one place to another. For example: airborne transmission, droplet transmission ,direct contact, indirect contact or insect transmission

* Portal of entry to a host- Through which the infectious agent enters into the new host. For instance: Being breathed in, being swallowed, entering open wounds or cuts

*A susceptible Host - An uninfected individual who is susceptible to develop an infection when the infectious agent enters into their body. For example: young children, old age people, immunocompromised people

2.Actions to prevent spreading of Infection :

* Keep the woman in Isolation

*Restrict more visitors into the isolation room

* Recommend the patient and visitors to wash hands frequently

*Educate the patient and visitors about the severity of influenza virus and encourage them to be clean and healthy

* Restrict the visit of children ,old age people and immunocompromised people into the isolation ward

* Encouraging the staffs to use gloves, masks and other protective equipments whenever they deal the infected patient

*Clean the room and the objects frequently used by the infected patient