Question

* In relation to prescribing, handling of and dealing with biological preparations:

→ What is immunogenicity ? and mention 3 factors may provoke it?

→ As vaccines are biological preparation, what is(are) the benefit(s) of parenteral and mucosal administration of vaccines with examples?

Answer 1

Immunogenicity is an ability of external factors like antigen to stimulate an immune response in the body of human. It can induce immunologically related non clinical effect or adverse clinical effects.

Factors that provokes immunogenicity:

Product related factors include, protein sequences, presence of exogenous and endogenous epitopes and degree of glycolisation, exposure of antigenic site and solubility.

Host related factors like genetic predisposition of an individual may influence the production of neutralising antibodies.

Benefits of parenteral and mucosal administration of vaccines:

The parenteral administration of vaccines can act immediately. They can give a control over the delivery of vaccines to the administrator. Parenteral preparation have the ability to improve adherence.

The mucosal administration of vaccines can efficiently produce local immune response to the pathogen or any localised tumour at mucosal site or as systemic response. This type of administration promotes ease and safe delivery of vaccines.