In: Nursing
Anti Diuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone produced by hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituitary. Its action is to increase the reabsorption of water from the kidney tubules and thus decrease urine output. ADH helps to regulate and balance the amount of water in blood.
SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion) is a disease in which hypersecretion of ADH occurs. It leads to increased reabsorption of water. This will lead to fluid overload or excess fluid retention in the body.
Outcomes are :-
Increased fluid retention dilute the blood and thus decrease electrolyte concentration.
Hyponatremia due to decreased sodium ion concentration is the major electrolyte imbalance seen in SIADH. Most of the symptoms are due to hyponatremia.
Symptoms are nausea, vomiting, headache, imbalance and confusion. Even seizures or coma may be seen in severe cases.
Decreased extra cellular fluid(ECF) osmolality can also results in cerebral edema.
Management : SIADH is mainly managed by fluid and water restrictions. Medications which inhibit the action of ADH is also used.
Definitive management is to treat the cause. Like, surgical removal in cases of tumors.