Question

Mrs. Melendez has been ill for several days and unable to eat or drink. She has a history of diabetes. Her lab values are as follows: Sodium (Na+) 157 Potassium (K+) 4.2 Chloride (Cl–) 115 Arterial blood gases (ABGs): pH 7.32; pCO2 41; pO2 70; HCO3– 20.Her electrolyte imbalance is?

The specific type of acid/base imbalance, given her history is?

Mrs. Melendez lungs will compensate by?

Mr. Maloof has a history of emphysema due to smoking. In doing some lab tests, his arterial blood gases reveal: Arterial blood gases: pH 7.24; pO2 60; pCO2 77; HCO3– 30 Sodium (Na+) 141 mEq/L Potassium (K+) 2.0 mEq/L Chloride (Cl–) 105 mEq/LMr. Maloof's acid/base imbalance is?

Smoking has caused Mr. Maloof an inactivation of ___________ which allows elastase to enzymatically destroy his alveolar walls?

Answer 1

Mrs. Melendez has been ill for several days and unable to eat or drink. She has a history of diabetes.

Her lab values are

Sodium (Na+) - 157

Potassium (K+) - 4.2

Chloride (Cl–) - 115

a.

Her sodium level is high because the normal sodium value is 135 to 145 mEq/L and here Mrs. Melendez sodium value is 157. This condition is called as Hypernatremia.

The Potassium is is normal range because the normal value of Potasssium is 3.5 to 5.2 mmol/L.

The normal Chloride value is 97-107 mEq/L. Here the given vue is 116 and it is in high range. This condition is called as  Hyperchloremia.

b.

Mrs. Melendez Arterial blood gases -

pH - 7.32 (Normal value of pH is 7.35 to 7.45, here the pH is in lower range. This indicates Acidosis.)

pCO2 - 41 (Normal value of pCO2 is 35 to 45, Here the pCO2 is in normal range.)

pO2 - 70

HCO3– - 20 (Normal value of HCO3 is 22 to 26, here the HCO3 is in lower range, this indicates Acidosis)

Here the the pCO2 is in normal range, to compensate the condition (metabolic acidosis) pCO2 (Carbon dioxide) is not change its value. So the overal condition is called as Uncompensated metabolic Acidodis.

c.

Mrs. Melendez lungs will compensated by Hyperventilation (Which Promote Carbon dioxide loss).

No.2.

Mr. Maloof has a history of emphysema due to smoking.

His arterial blood gases reveal:

pH - 7.24 (Normal value of pH is 7.35 to 7.45, here the pH is in lower range. This indicates Acidosis.)

pO2 - 60

pCO2 - 77 (Normal value of pCO2 is 35 to 45, Here the pCO2 is in high normal range. This indicates Acidosis)

HCO3– - 30 (Normal value of HCO3 is 22 to 26, here the HCO3 is in high range, this indicates Alkalosis)

This condition is Partially compensated Respiratory acidosis, because to compensate the Acidosis, metabolic factor that is bicarbonate increases and cause alkalosis.

b.

Smoking has caused Mr. Maloof an inactivation of Protease inhibitor/Anti-protease which allows elastase to enzymatically destroy his alveolar walls.