Question

Select all traits listed below that are shared between prokaryotic Archaea and eukaryotes, but NOT between Archaea and Bacteria.

	A.	The genomic DNA is surrounded by a membrane.
	B.	Flagella have a similar structure and locomotion mechanism.
	C.	Chromosomes are wrapped around histone proteins.
	D.	Similar enzymes and machinery are used to transcribe and translate RNA.
	E.	Cell membranes contain straight-chain fatty acids with ester linkages to glycerol.

Answer 1

Bacteia are prokaryotes and archea domain lie in between bacteria and eukaryotes and are classified as prokaryotes.

Bacteria and archea doesnot contain nucleus membrane surronding their genetic material. They don't have well defined nucleus. On the other hand eukaryotes have well defined nucleus enclosing their genetic material. So genomic DNA surrounded by membrane is not common in eukaryotes and archea.

Flagella is structure for locomotion. Bacterial flagella is made up of flagellin protein and show rotatory movement. Eukaryotic flagella is made up of tubulin protein and shows bending movenment and driven by ATP. Archeal flagella is known as archeallum is driven by ATP and is made up of protein similar to found in bscterial pilli. It's fillament is made up of several different flagillin protein in comparision to bacteria which contain only single flagellin. So structures of flagella of bacteria, archea and eukaryotes are different although function mostly in locomotion. So this trait is also not shared between eukaryotes and archea.

Histone are basic proteins which pack the DNA for forming nucleosomes.Histones are present in eukaryotic nucleus.Bacteria doesnot have any histone protein. Archea on the other hand have histone proteins for packing their genetic material similar to eukaryotes. So the trait of chromosome wrapping around histones is shared between eukaryotes and archea but not between archea and bacteria.

Archea also show similarity with eukaryotes in transcription and translation machinary and enzyme . Because archeal ribosomes and RNA polymerase closely resembles to that of eukaryotes.In comparison bacteria and archea have more difference in transcription and translation machinary. So this trait is also shared between eukaryotes and archea but not between archea and bacteria.

Cell membrane of eukaryotes and bacteria contains ester linkage between fatty acids and glycerol. But in case of archea there is ether linkage. So this trait is not common or shared between eukaryotes and archea but shared between eukaryotes and bacteria.

So only c) and D) traits are shared between eukaryotes and archea but not between archea and bacteria.