Question

Heavy Keele Ltd. (HK) has a long-standing reputation as a manufacturer of quality sailboats. HK currently produces two different models of sailboat from a single production facility — the HK41 and the HK49. The past several years have seen a 25% decline in demand for HK’s sailboats and a significant increase in interest within the boating community for motor vessels. Given this shift in attitudes, HK is now considering a proposal to introduce a motor vessel into its product line — the HKMV55.

If the proposal is accepted, senior management has decided to restructure the firm into two separate divisions for operational purposes — the Sailboat division and the Motor Vessel division. Under the proposal, all current personnel will remain with the Sailboat division and the senior management team will remain unchanged. For accounting purposes, however, the $2 million annual cost of the senior management team will be allocated equally between the two divisions. HK will then seek an entire new management team to oversee the Motor Vessel division. Management has also decided that the new division should operate out of its own production facility. It can be built on the block of land adjacent to the current facility that HK already owns.

Senior management has decided that the appropriate planning horizon for the proposed new Motor Vessel division is 10 years. You work in the controller’s office of HK and have been asked to perform a series of analyses on this proposal. To facilitate your analysis, you have been provided with the Motor Vessel division’s projected income statements over the next 10 years, as well as the following information.

Capital expenditures

• The block of land on which the new production facility will be built was purchased by HK three years ago at a cost of $2.5 million. It has a current market value of $3 million, and it is expected that the value of the land will remain at $3 million when the project is complete.

• Management expects that the production facility will cost $10 million to build. It has an estimated useful life of 20 years and will be depreciated on a straight-line basis to an estimated salvage value of $1 million for accounting purposes. It belongs to an asset class with a CCA rate of 7.5%. At the end of the 10-year planning horizon, the facility will have an estimated market value of $3 million. The building qualifies for the Accelerated Investment Incentive, and 1.5 times the CCA can be taken in the year of acquisition. At the end of the planning horizon, assume that there is still a positive balance remaining in the class after the deduction of the proceeds.

• The new equipment required for the production of the HKMV55 will cost $7 million and has an estimated useful life of 10 years. For accounting purposes, this equipment will also be depreciated on a straight-line basis. It belongs to an asset class with a CCA rate of 10% and has an estimated salvage value of $500,000 at the end of its useful life. The equipment qualifies for the Accelerated Investment Incentive, and 1.5 times the CCA can be taken in the year of acquisition. At the end Corporate Finance Project Details 2 / 3 of the planning horizon, assume that there is still a positive balance remaining in the class after the deduction of the proceeds.

• The new Motor Vessel division requires an initial investment in net working capital of $750,000.

Operating revenues and expenses, and working capital accounts

• Data from the divisional pro forma operating income statements (see Appendix):

o Gross revenues are projected to be $12.5 million in the first three years of operation and $18 million from Year 4 onward.

o Cost of goods sold (COGS) is expected to be 56% of sales in the first three years and then decline to 50% of sales from Year 4 onward.

o The general and administrative costs are expected to be constant at $2.95 million per year over the 10-year planning horizon. Administrative costs include the allocation of senior management costs; the remainder of these costs relate directly to the new Motor Vessel division and are paid in cash when due.

• HK requires its customers to make a 15% deposit at the time of order and pay the balance at the time of delivery. The average lag between the time of order and delivery is two months. Sales occur uniformly throughout the year.

• HK has a policy of keeping a cash balance throughout the year equal to 2.5% of expected sales for the year, and an inventory balance throughout the year equal to 25% of expected COGS for the year. The cash balance is essentially funded by the required customer deposits and is invested in marketable securities at an average rate of 0.5%.

• HK’s suppliers currently offer terms of 1/10, net 60 on all purchases.

Capital structure

• HK’s capital structure consists of a single long-term debt issue with a face value of $20 million and 2 million common shares with a current market price of $15 per share.

• The long-term debt issue carries a coupon rate of 5% with interest paid semiannually. It has eight years remaining until maturity and a current market yield of 6%, also based on semi-annual compounding.

• The common shares have a beta of 1.15. HK paid a dividend of $0.95 per share in its most recently completed financial year. Analysts believe these dividends will grow at an average annual rate of 3% for the foreseeable future. The current risk-free interest rate is 2.5%, and the market price of risk is 6%.

• Recent discussions with HK’s investment banker have indicated that flotation costs would be 7% before tax on any new issue of common shares and 4% after tax on any new issue of long-term debt. Corporate Finance Project Details 3 / 3 General corporate information

• HK’s corporate tax rate is 32%.

• Senior management has determined that 12% is the appropriate discount rate to use in evaluating the proposal to expand its operations to motor vessels.

	Year 1 to 3	Year 4 to 10
Sales revenue	$12,500,000	$18,000,000
COGS	(7,000,000)	(9,000,000)
Gross profit	5,500,000	9,000,000
General and admin expenses	(2,950,000)	(2,950,000)
Depreciation	(1,000,000)	(1,000,000)
Operating income	1,450,000	4,950,000

Question 4

HK’s senior management has decided to finance the new Motor Vessel division exclusively using new common equity. One proposal put forward was to make a rights offering. Explain what a rights offering entails and give one reason why this would be considered.

Question 5

Is the decision to raise approximately $20 million to finance the new division exclusively using new equity likely to affect HK’s WACC? Explain why or why not in terms of financial leverage, component costs, and capital structure. What is the likely impact? (Note: A recalculation of the WACC is not required for this question.)

Question 6

From the firm’s perspective, there are a number of advantages and disadvantages associated with using long-term debt and common equity as sources of financing. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage each for long-term debt and common equity.

Answer 1

ANS4-- As the right offering entails to the present shareholders and they get the prefrence over new equity shares issued by the HK LTD and as per regulatory norms, the present shareholder gets the first priority over others.

Issuing right offering must be considered by the Hk ltd because of the reason that ,their number of shareholder is limited to the present shaeholders due to which the participation in their meeting gets minimal and the decision making gets more precise and accurate because of less shareholders in the company.

ANS5-- Issuing new equity will not affect HK's WACC, HK LTD is not under compulsion to delare dividend to the shareholders and can reinvest the netprofit of the company into the business and cannot affect the overall cost of capital.

Issuing new equity can reduce the earning per share of Hk LTD and it can change the financial leverage of the company and its calculation is

Financial leverage = Earning before interest and tax(EBIT)/ Earning before tax.(EBT).

Component cost of the the vessel will not affect, reason being is interest cost is not affected. therefore WACC remaining the same and the component cost.

Capital structure of the company will change due to change in debt equity ratio and increase in shareholders fund.

ANS6-- Advantage of long term debt is lower interest rate which simply means low interst payable to the debt holders.

Disadvantage of Long term debts is ontime repayment of debt which is the statute liability and has to be complied on time.

Advantage of common equity-- It gives ownership in the company and it is not repayable to the shareholders, it is repayable only at the time of winding up of company.

Disadvantage of Common equity-- Shareholders get the right to participate in the mangement of the company and vote in the meeting.