Question

1. Article: Ethical Challenges in the Era Of Health Care Reform by: Vicki D. Lachman

• What did you learn?

Answer 1

1.ETHICAL CHALLENGE OF IN THE ERA OF HEALTH CARE REFORM:

*PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is not to complain about the current health care system; but instead to focus on existing reform efforts.The patient protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) ,the ethical justification for its creation and ethical challenge it brings.

*FEATURES OF ARTICLE: In 2014 , highlight some elements of the law clearly impact Nursing. The features are including:- insurance choices, insurance costs, rights and protection and people age 65 and older.

-- According to Lachman- there are several issues addressed through this act (ACA) of 2010.The lack of distributive justice is a primary validator of need for change in the relationship of patients and payer.

A) INSURANCE CHOICE: The intention of the law is expand health care coverage. Citizen will have a choice of private insurance, employer-paid insurance, Medicare, Medicaid,or state based insurance exchange.

AFFORDABLE INSURANCE EXCHANGE: Individuals and small businesses can purchase coverage through exchange. The family with income between 133-400% of the federal poverty guidelines. Business with 50 or more employees need to make coverage available.

Consumer operated and oriented plan: It's a non profit health insurer.It offer consumer friendly, affordable health insurance options to individuals small businesses.

Pre -existing condition insurance plan: It offer temporary protection for people with pre-existing condition until 2014.

B) INSURANCE COSTS: It help individuals keep their costs down.

* Value for individual premium dollars: It is for give direct medical care and efforts to improve the quality of care to individuals and small groups.

* Lifetime and annual limits: ACA restricts and phass out the annual dollar limits a health plan care place on most of its benefits.In 2014, eliminate all these limits.

C) RIGHTS AND PROTECTION: The following rights and consumer protection are available:- *Preventive care: Individuals receive recommended preventive health services such as screening ( colonoscopy), vaccination (polio, measles) , counseling (smoking cessation). *Doctor choice and ER Access: Individual can choose their primary care provider and they can access out of network emergency room without prior approval. *People 65 and older:ACA offers for preventive services with no cost-sharing and provide discounts on drugs when older adults are in the coverage gap known as'donut hole'.