Question

You are caring for a 12-year-old client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Create a handout that the client could take with them about the different types of long acting insulin. Provide examples of drugs in this classification, how to administer, adverse effects and important teaching/safety measures for a client taking this of medication. Conduct internet research to assist in the development of the handout. Remember, include a minimum of 2 reference according to APA format.

How do I go about setting this up? Please help me with some guidance and examples.

Answer 1

1. Types of long acting insulin and examples:

• Insulin Glargine Solution(Lantus)

• Insulin Detemir Solution(Levemir)

• Insulin Degludec (Tresiba)

2.How to administer:

• Pinch the skin and put the needle in at a 45º angle.
• If your skin tissues are thicker, you may be able to inject straight up and down (90º angle)
• Push the needle all the way into the skin. Let go of the pinched skin. Inject the insulin slowly and steadily until it is all in.
• Leave the syringe in place for 5 seconds after injecting.

3.Adverse effects :

• dizziness.
• chills.
• blurred vision.
• weakness.
• headache.
• fainting.

4.Patient teachings :

Several factors can affect how insulin is absorbed.

• Dose of insulin injected — The dose of insulin injected affects the rate at which your body absorbs it. For example, larger doses of insulin may be absorbed more slowly than a small dose. With larger doses of insulin, the insulin may peak later or last longer than with small doses. This could mean that your blood sugar level is higher than expected within a few hours after eating but then becomes low.
• Injection technique — The angle and depth of an insulin injection are important
• Site of injection — Clinicians usually recommend changing your injection site to minimize tissue irritation. However, it is important to keep in mind that insulin is absorbed at different rates in different areas of the body. For some types of insulin, the insulin is absorbed fastest from the abdominal area, slowest from the leg and buttock, and at an intermediate rate from the arm. This may vary with the amount of fat under the skin; the more fat, the more slowly insulin is absorbed Because of variations in absorption, it is reasonable to use the same general area for injections at a particular time of the day. Pre-meal insulin injections are absorbed fastest from the abdominal area, allowing for optimal coverage of carbohydrates consumed in a meal. Injection into the thigh or buttock may be best for the evening dose because the insulin will be absorbed more slowly during the night.
• Subcutaneous blood flow — Any factor that alters the rate of blood flow to the body's tissues will alter insulin absorption. Smoking decreases blood flow to the tissues and decreases absorption of injected insulin. In contrast, factors that increase the skin temperature (such as exercise, saunas, hot baths, and massage of the injection site) will increase insulin absorption.
• Time since opening the insulin bottle or pen — In general, insulin bottles (vials), pens, and pen cartridges are good until their expirations date, if left unopened in a refrigerator. Insulin should never be allowed to freeze or get hot.