Question

List the correct word under the correct title.  There are some words that can be in both categories.

HYPERTHYROIDISM                                                             HYPOTHYROIDISM

Words

Hair loss

Weight loss

Weight gain

Fine hair

Insomnia

Fatigue

Intolerance to cold

Intolerance to heat

Constipation

Memory loss/mental fog

Diarrhea

Muscle tremors

Weakness

Enlarges thyroid

Irritability/nervousness

Brittle nails

Exophthalmus

Amenorrhea

Answer 1

Thyroid Dysfunction:

   There are two pathological conditions of Thyroid Dysfunction,They are Mainly

1. Hypothyroidism,

2. Hyperthyroidism.

  Laboratory testing of thyroid hormones is used diagnose and document the Presence of Thyroid disease. Consequently, accurate measurement of thyroid hormone concentrations is key to the proper diagnosis of thyroid gland dysfunction.

HypoThyroidism:

It is defined as a deficiency in thyroid hormone secretion and action. It is a common disorder that occurs in mild and severe forms in 2 to 15% of population.Women are afflicted more often than men,and both sexes are affected more frequently with increasing age.

Hypothyroidism is mainly two types,

viz: a) Primary Hypothyroidism - Diseases or treatment directly destroy thyroid tissue or interfere with Thyroid hormone biosynthesis.

   b) Secondary Hypothyroidism - occurs as a result of pituitary or hypothalamic Disease and/ or disorders.

The Clinical effects of Hypothyroidism on Different organ systems

A) Brain: Depression, Decreased concentration,

   Lack of Intrest, Impaired fetalintellectual development.

B) Heart : Decreased Heart Rate, Increased Blood pressure,Decreased cardiac output, Diastolic dysfunction,

C) Kidneys : Decreased function, Fluid retention and edema,

D) Liver: increased LDL, Cholesterol, Tryglycerides,

E) Intestines: Constipation, Decreased GI motility,

F) Reproductive system : Decreased fertility and menstrual abnormalities.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

​​​​​​- Hair loss,

- Weightgain,

- Intolerance to Cold,

- Constipation,

- weakness,

- Brittle Nails,

- Amenorrhea,

- Memory Loss.

   The sever form of Hypothyroidism is Myxedema ( accumulation of much polysaccharides under the skin or other tissue),

Cretinism - this severe form develops in the newborn period.

HyperThyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is defined as a hyper metabolic condition caused by excessive production of Thyroid hormones. Some clinicians prefer term Thyrotoxicosis rather than hyperthyroidism to define the hyper metabolic state associated with increased amount of thyroid hormones in the circulation.

Causes of thyrotoxicosis are divided into two,

1) those that are associated with clinically evident hyperthyroidism and increased production and secretion of thyroid hormones from the Gland,

2) Those that are not,

   The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that effects 4% of US population. The etiology involves the development of an IgG antibody against thyroid TSH receptors, resulting overproduction of T4 and T3.

The clinical effects of Hyperthyroidism on different organ systems:

A) Brain : Incresed adrenergic tone, Excitability, Hyperkinesia,

B) Heart : Increased heart rate, Palpitations, Increased cardiac output, Rapid Pulse,

C) Kidneys: Increased GFR function, Increased renal blood flow,

D) Liver : Increased lipid degradation, Negativeprotein balance, Hepatic Dysfunction,

F) Intestines: Loose stools, Increased GI Motility, Malabsorption,

G) Reproductive system: Decreased Fertility, Menustrual abnormalities, Pregnancy loss.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism:

- Fine Hair,

-weight loss,

- Insomnia,

- Fatigue,

- Intolerence to heat,

- Diarrhoea,

- Muscle tremors,

- Enlargement of thyroid,

- Exophthalmos

Note : Irritability and nervousness are due to rapid increase or decrease of thyroid levels.