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What is a time when you or someone you know of experienced a conflict between duty...

  • What is a time when you or someone you know of experienced a conflict between duty to self and loyalty to the community? What would logical reasoning say should be done in that case? Why that? What would an Ethical Egoist say to do? Why would they say to do that? Note what you feel is the best course of action.
  • What is a time when you or someone you know experienced a clash between professional duties and familial duties? Reference a professional code such as that of the American Nurses Association or American Bar Association in explaining the clash. What moral values should have been used in that case? Why those values? What would social contract ethics have said to have done? Why would social contract ethics say that? Note what you feel is the best course of action.

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Expert Solution

Psychological Egoists say that behind every action that appears to be altruistic there is really a selfish motive.  People help others because they believe it will get them into heaven, or because it will bring them public recognition, or because they enjoy the gratitude of those they help, etc.
Psychological Egoism is a descriptive theory, according to which each person in fact pursues only his or her own self-interest.Ethical Egoism is a prescriptive (or “normative”) theory, according to which each person ought to pursue only his or her own self-interest.

An action is morally right if and only if it is to the advantage of the person doing it.

ARGUMENTS FOR ETHICAL EGOISM

1. An altruistic moral theory that demands total self-sacrifice is degrading to the moral agent.

Objection: This is a false dilemma: there are many non-egoistic moral theories that do not demand total self-sacrifice.

2. Everyone is better off if each pursues his or her self-interest.

Objection: (a) This probably is not true in practice; and (b) True egoism isn't concerned with what will make everyone better off.

ARGUMENTS AGAINST ETHICAL EGOISM

1. Provides no moral basis for solving conflicts between people.

2. Obligates each person to prevent others from doing the right thing if it is not in accord with the subject's thinking..

3. Has the same logical basis as racism.

4. The egoist cannot advise others to be egoists because it works against the first egoist's interest.

5.No one person can expect the entire world’s population to act in such a way as to produce the most benefit (pleasure) for that one person.


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