Question

Define the following in plasma physics : 1- Larmor radius or Gyro- radius
2- Guiding-center
3- adiabatic invariants
4- first adiabatic invariant
5- The magnetic flux
   6- Harris field

Answer 1

1- Larmor radius or Gyro- radius: It is the radius of the circular motion of a charged particle in the presence of a uniform magnetic field.
2- Guiding-center:  The motion of an electrically charged particle such as an electron or ion in a plasma in a magnetic field can be treated as the superposition of a relatively fast circular motion around a point called the guiding center.
3- adiabatic invariants: A property of a physical system, such as the entropy of a gas, that stays approximately constant when changes occur slowly is called an adiabatic invariant.
4- first adiabatic invariant: It is the rate of any changes experienced by the particle, e.g., due to collisions or due to temporal or spatial variations in the magnetic field.

Consequently, the magnetic moment remains nearly constant even for changes at rates approaching the gyrofrequency.
5- The magnetic flux: Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field which passes through a given area.

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