Question

GENITOURINARY SYSTEM AND SEX AMONG ELDERLY

1. What are the components of a basic evaluation for urinary incontinence?

2. Factors that may lead to urinary incontinence.

3. Explain different forms of urinary incontinence.

4. What are the different strategies/ interventions of care with urinary incontinence?

Answer 1

1.WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A BASIC EVALUATION FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE?

• History collection
• urinalyisis
• physical examination
• asessmentof urethral mobility

URINARY INCONTINENCE

Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary leakage of urine and is very common.or inablity of the urinary spincters to control the passae of the urine from the bladder.

2.FACTORS THAT MAY LEAD TO URINARY INCONTINENCE.

• Spincter damage
• weak perineal muscle
• neurological conditions
• faecal impaction
• old age
• unconsiousness
• paralyisis
• effects of narcotics,seatives nd alcoholism that are decreasing the sensation to avoid.

tumors;enlarged protate

3.EXPLAIN DIFFERENT FORM OF URINARY INCONTINENCE

STRESS INCONTINENCE

Stress incontinence is the involuntary loss of less than 50ml of urine associated with increasing abdominal pressure during sneezing,coughing or other physical activities

URGE INCONTINENCE

Urge incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine associated withan abrupt and strong desire to void.The patient typically report being unable to make it to the bathroom in time.it is the common problem in older adults.

FUNCTIONAL INCONTINENCE

Functional incontinence is the inablity to reach the toilet because of environmental barriers,physical limitations,loss of memory,or disorientation.This is common cause of incontinence in the elderly who are institutionalised.

OVERFLOW INCONTINENCE

Overflow incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine associated with overdistention of the bladder.It occurs with acute or chronic urinary distention with dribbling of urine..Spinal cord injury or enlarged prostate may cause this type of incontinence.

TOTAL INCONTINENCE

Total incontinence is acontinuous loss of urine.it is due to surgery,trauma,malformation of ureter.Bladder training has been tried and proven ineffective.

4.WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT STRATEGIES/INTERVENTION OF CARE WITH URINARY INCONTINENCE?

• Ask about history of incontinencea journal help identify the sevrity and timing of incontinence
• Encourage patient to drink atleast 2000ml of fluid per day.because concentrated urine leads to urge incontinence.
• Encourage patient to avoid alcohol and caffeine it may irritating to the urinary tract.
• Teach patient to void at frequent intervals and then gradually increase the length of time between voidings..Because emptying the bladddder at frequent intervals urge incontinence may decreased.
• Arrange for toilet or bedpan within the easy reach of the client.If the incontinent client can get into a toilet or bed pan quickly this will gradually help him to gain confidence in his control of the bladder.
• perineal exercises : these increase the tone of muscles concerned with the micturation,in particular,the perineal and abdominal muscles.periodic tightening of the perineal muscles.
• condom drainage ; a male patient with incontinence of urine can be safely managed with condom drainage.
• Always assist patient to the toilet when patient first awakens and before sleep
• Teach the patient to set up shedule of voiding using environmental cues such as meals,bedtime,and televisio shows it help to patient remember when it is time to void.
• provide adhesive peripads to wear in underclothing it will provide protection in case of incontinence