Question

Part 2: The Family: Review Chapter 15 and choose three theories or explanations which best describe the impact of the family on the developing child. Carefully connect how your chosen theories/explanations impact not only the child but continue to influence that child throughout his/her adult life. Your answer should be 1-2 pages in length.

Answer 1

ATTACHMENT THEORY

• This theory is given by Bowlby and Ainsworth.
• It focuses on the importance of relationship between a mother and child.
• This reasearch showcased detrimental impact upon child's development resulting from parental deprivation,separation.
• Attachment happens in phases beginning from before birth when mothers have emotional attachment towards the unborn child.
• During the early phase infant learns emotional regulation which is a process by which infant learns to manage stressful situations through interactions with his or her cargiver.
• The quality of caregiving helps infants in regulating their inner emotional states.
• And later in life as an adult they might learn to enjoy or not enjoy social interactions and develop or not develop a sense of competence.
• Babies also experience seperation anxiety,when they become too attached with their carergivers they become wary of strangers.
• Attachment disturbances can happen when baby has to depend upon a large number of caregivers like institutions.
• Around 1 year of age, babies attachment continues to evolve outside of immediate family members through new experiences and exposure by going to play schools.
• Securely attached children become more autonomous,socially confident,develop good communication skills, are more empathetic as adults.

PARENTING STYLES

• Developed by Baumrind it refers to the degree to which parents respond to their child's needs,parental expectation of maturity and control and the effects it has on a child's development.
• Authoritarian style parents are too strict and highly demanding. They are unresponsive to childs needs. A child would become obedient but less confident and unahappy as an adult.
• Permissive style parents are too lenient,have low demands but highly responsive. A child can become self centered and spoiled as an adult.
• Authoritative style parents are moderately demanding and responsive. They are more likely to forgive children for their failures. A child is most happy,capable and successful as an adult.
• Uninvolved style involves less demanding and responsive. Parents are detached which can lead a child having lack of self control,low self esteem and less competent as an adult.

ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM THEORY

• Given by Broenfenbrenner to help children develop within their context of the world.
• He gave 5 systems that influence development,Microsystem,Mesosystem,Exosystem,Macrosystem and Choronosystem.
• Both biological and environmental factors help in shaping development of the child.
• Risk factors that are biological are within the child and include prenatal exposure to substances,chronic attachments and insecure attachments.
• Environmental risk factors that are external to a child include factors such as inconsistent caregiving,poverty,abuse and neglect.
• External protective factors include warm caregiving relationships,community support,schools etc. that play an important part in child's development all throughout his/her life.