Question

1) The following statements refer to the opiate narcotic, methadone. Select from the following statements the ONE, FALSE statement.

	A.	Methadone has less potent analgesic activity than that of morphine.
	B.	Methadone has a longer duration of action than that of morphine.
	C.	Methadone causes a milder withdrawal syndrome than morphine does.
	D.	Methadone is effective by oral administration.

2) What is true about LSD?

	A.	It is a dopamine agonist
	B.	It binds to nicotinic receptors
	C.	It is an acetylcholine antagonist
	D.	It is a serotonin agonist

3) Jason is having a panic attack. He is suddenly sweating, has increased pulse, increased heart rate, is agitated and afraid. He cannot move some muscles. The condition does not last a long time. It is periodic. The threshold for normal firing (action potential) for the neurons in the brain is lower than normal. Therefore, the brain exhibits symptoms that are similar to epilepsy. Select from the following list, the correct term for the brain undergoing a panic attack.

	A.	Non-Epileptic Seizure
	B.	Epileptic Seizure
	C.	Metabolic Seizure
	D.	Drug Interaction Seizure

4) Why is washing your hands frequently with soap good for avoiding COVID-19?

	A.	destroys DNA
	B.	dissolves outer fatty lipid layer of virus so it decays
	C.	destroys protein
	D.	effects amino acids

Answer 1

1) Methadone is an opioid agonist. It is a synthetic opioid chemically dissimilar but pharmacologically very similar to morphine. It has analgesic, respiratory depressant, emetic, antitussive, constipating actions similar to morphine.

It has high oral to parenteral ratio. Therefore effective orally.

It is more potent that morphine i.e. requires less dose to provide a similar action.

It has longer duration of action as it gets accumulated in tissues and gradually released from there.

It has slow and persistent nature of action. Therefore withdrawal symptoms also are of gradual onset, prolonged and mild.

Therefore, option a is false.

2) Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogen. Hallucinogens are the drugs which alter mood, behaviour, thought and perception in a manner similar to that seen in psychosis. It is the most important hallucinogen. It is a SEROTONIN AGONIST. It produces pronounced central sympathetic stimulation and mental effects. Answer is option d.

3) Nonepileptic seizure is an inducible seizure due to psychological (stress, anxiety, pain, etc.) metabolic causes like fluctuation in blood sugar levels, etc.

Epileptic seizure are not inducible. Since Jason has panic attack which means seizure precipitated by anxiety. So it's not the answer.

Metabolic seizure occurs due to any underlying metabolic condition. Since in the question, no metabolic abnormality is given, so it cannot be the answer.

Drug interaction seizure occurs due to interaction between different drugs. History of any medication intake not given in the question. So it is not the answer.

So answer is Non-Epileptic seizure.

4) Soap are the mostly sodium salts of fatty acids. They have a hydrophilic end which can survive in water and a hydrophobic tail which doesn't survive in water. Corona virus has lipid membrane. When hand is washed with water and soap, the soap molecules will disintegrate. Hydrophilic end will survive but hydrophobic end, the to survive, enter into the lipid membrane of corona virus to save itself from action of water, thereby disrupting the membrane of virus and the virus gets killed. So answer is option b.