Question

Describe the principle behind the working of a motor and the generator?Then, explain the “motor- generator duality”

Answer 1

Principal behind working of motor:-

Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working of a motor is that "whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a mechanical force".

Principal behind the working of generator:-

Generator is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It works based on principle of faraday law of electromagnetic induction. The faradays law states that whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, EMF is induced and this induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages. This EMF can be generated when there is either relative space or relative time variation between the conductor and magnetic field.

Motor-generator Duality:-

Motors and generators can work in reverse direction. As Simplest generator is basically an electric motor. when the coil is forced to rotate, it move relative to the magnetic field, so a current is induced in it. When electrical energy is supplied in it, it works as an motor. which converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy of rotation. whereas when it is mechanically turned by anything (hand or turbine im power plant) it works as Generator.which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Uses of this duality nature:-

• In hydroelectric power stations.
• In electric and hybrid vehicles