Question

1. The two major types of toxicity in pathogenic microbiology is endotoxicity and exotoxicity. Explain the difference between the two types and give an example of how each can cause symptoms in a disease (be specific in the symptom and how the virulence agent causes the symptom).

Answer 1

Endotoxicity- The damaged effect or toxicity caused due to the release of toxic substances produced within the body of organisms is known as endotoxicity.

Cell wall is damaged or shattered.

Endotoxins are lipid portions of lps that are part of cell membrane.

They are released when bacteria dies or cell wall breaks.

In gram negative bacterias

Ex- disease- coronary artery disease

Virulence agent is gram negative bacteria, causes symptoms like fever, chills by producing toxins.

Exotoxicity- This is due to toxins produced inside but are released outside without any cell wall damage.

Cell wall is intact.

Exotoxins are proteins that are produced by bacteria as a part of their growth and metabolism. They are released into the surroundings by lysis.

In gram positive bacterias

Ex- stroke, sclerosis

Virulence agent that is gram positive bacterias ,causing symptoms specifically on target cells,i.e muscle or Nerve.

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