Question

1. Most inmates in American prisons are people with a high school education or less. So there’s a good chance that most of you will end up in prison after you graduate from Bowie State University. A. Strong, cogent B. Strong, uncogent C. Weak

2. All contemporary intellectuals are very literate. Cornel West is a contemporary intellectual. Therefore, Cornel West is very literate. A. Valid, sound B. Valid, unsound C. Invalid

3. Everyone is either Christian or an atheist. But Jews and Muslims are not Christians. Therefore, Jews and Muslims are atheists. A. Valid, sound B. Valid, unsound C. Invalid

4. If Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Christian, then he believed in God. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a Christian. Therefore, he believed in God. A. Valid, sound B. Valid, unsound C. invalid

5. All Americans are wise and just. Donald Trump is an American. Therefore, Donald Trump is wise and just. A. Valid, sound B. Valid, unsound C. Invalid

6. All Hindus are theists. All Christians are theists. Therefore, all Christians are Hindus. A. Valid, sound B. Valid, unsound C. Invalid

Answer 1

Valid argument is one where premise and conclusion relate with one another. The conclusion is valid if the premise is true.

Sound argument is the one which is valid and along with premise being correct. The premise is true and so the conclusion becomes valid too.

Using the definitions we classify below :

1. Part B ) Strong and uncogent. Since the premise itself was wrong as it had false premise that all graduates will land up in jail. In this case we are highlighting bowie university graduate.

2. Part A Valid and sound Since the premise are valid, the conclusion is valid.

3. Part B ) Valid and unsound Although it is valid, but it is unsound as the jews and muslins being atheists premise is not valid.

4. Part b ) Valid and sound. Martin Luther being a Christian would believe in god given premises are valid

5. Part A) Valid and sound. Since all Americans are wise, and as Donald trump is American, The conclusion is valid and sound that he is wise.

6. Part C)Invalid. The premise may be true but do not lead to the conclusion. The Christians and hindus need not be same even if they are theists.

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