Question

Read about a number of health care delivery systems throughout the world. Using research with three evidence-based, peer-reviewed resources, the final step in understanding each health care system is evaluating its effectiveness for the population it serves. In this 2–3-page evaluative essay, excluding the title page and reference page, you will discuss:

1. An introduction to the health care system you have chosen to evaluate (any country excluding the U.S.’s healthcare system) (1 paragraph)
2. The population’s access to health care (1 paragraph)
3. The type of health care delivery system (i.e., publicly funded, private, single payer, etc.) (2–3 paragraphs)
4. The effectiveness of the healthcare system for the population (3–4 paragraphs)
5. A brief comparison to the U.S. healthcare system (may use a simple chart or table)
6. Conclusion (1 paragraph)

Note: The number of paragraphs is a suggestion, not a requirement, and the evaluative essay should be continuous writing with a sustained point of view. Learner autonomy can be used to develop the amount of content you include within the page limitations of the Assessment.

You must include at least three evidence-based, peer-reviewed resources to support your ideas. These include .gov and .org professional websites, journal articles, and your textbook(s).

Answer 1

A HEALTH SYSTEM ,ALSO SOMETIMES REFERRED TO AS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IS THE ORGANIZATION OF PEOPLE ,INSTITUTIONS,AND RESOURCES THAT DELIVER HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO MEET THE HEALTH NEEDS OF TARGET POPULATIONS.

INDIA HAS A UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE MODEL THAT IS MOSTLY ADMINISTERED AT THE STATE LEVEL RATHER THAN FEDERAL LEVEL .THE PUBLIC SYSTEM IS ESSENTIALLY FREE FOR ALL INDIAN RESIDENTS EXCEPT FOR SMALL,OFTEN SYMBOLIC CO-PAYMENTS IN SOME SERVICES.

IN 2019,THE TOTAL NET GOVERNMENT SPENDING ON HEALTH CARE WAS DOLLAR 36 BILLION OR 1.23% OF ITS GDP .THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION MAKES THE PROVISION OF HEALTH CARE IN INDIA THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE GOVERNMENTS,RATHER THAN THE CENTRAL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT .IT MAKES EVERY STATE RESPONSIBLE FOR 'RAISING THE LEVEL OF NUTRITION AND THE STANDARED OF LIVING OF ITS PEOPLE AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AS AMONG ITS PRIMARY DUTIES '.SINCE THE COUNTRYS INDEPENDENCE ,THE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HAS BEEN ENTIRELY FUNDED THROUGH GENERAL TAXATION.

THE NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY WAS ENDORSED BY THE PARLIMENT OF INDIA IN 1983 AND UPDATED IN 2002,AND THEN AGAIN UPDATED IN 2017.THE RECENT UPDATES IN 2017 MENTIONS THE NEED TO FOCUS ON THE GROWING BURDEN OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES ,ON THE EMERGENCE OF THE ROBUST HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY,ON GROWING INCIDENCES OF UNSUSTAINABLE EXPENDITURE DUE TO HEALTH CARE COSTS AND ON RISING ECONOMIC GROWTH ENABLING ENHANCED FISCAL CAPACITY.

GOVERNMENT HEALTH POLICY HAS THUS FAR LARGELY ENCOURAGED PRIVATE -SECTOR EXPANSION IN CONJUNCTION WITH WELL DESIGNED BUT LIMITED PUBLIC HEALTH PROGREMMES.

THE POPULATION ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE;

PUBLIC HEALTH CARE IS FREE FOR EVERY RESIDENT.THE INDIAN PUBLIC SECTOR ENCOMPASSES 18% OF TOTAL OUTPATIENT CARE AND 44% OF TOTAL INPATIENT CARE.MIDDLE AND UPPER CLASS INDIVIDUAL LIVING IN INDIA TEND TO USE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE LESS THAN THOSE WITH A LOWER STANDARD OF LIVING .ADDITIONALLY,WOMEN AND THE ELDERLY ARE MORE LIKELY TO USE PUBLIC SERVICES.THE PUBLIC HAELTH CARE SYTEM WAS ORIGINALLY DEVELOPED IN ORDER TO PROVIDE A MEANS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS REGARDLESS OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OR CASTE.

WORLD

AT LEAST HALF OF THE WORLDS POPULATION CANNOT OBTAIN ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES,ACCORDING TO WHO AN EACH YEAR,LARGE NUMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS ARE BEING PUSHED INTO POVERTY BECAUSE THEY MUST PAY FOR HEALTH CARE OUT OF OWN THEIR POCKETS.

WHO- HALF THE WORLD LACKS ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES,100 MILLION STILL PUSHED INTO EXTREME POVERTY BECAUSE OF HEALTH EXPENSES,FORCING THEM TO SURVIVE ON JUST $1.90 OR LESS A DAY .THE REPORT ARGUES THAT UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE WOULD BETTER SOLVE THE ISSUE ACROSS A PLANT ON WHICH SOME 3.8BILLION PEOPLE LACK ACCESS TO BASIC HEALTH CARE.

THE TYPES OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM;

THE BASIC HEALTH CARE DELIVERING SYSTEM IN INDIA IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH THE PHCs AND THE AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIVES BASED THERE IN.THERE EXISTS CONSIDERABLE DISPARITY IN THE STATE OF HEALTH BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN INDIA.THE LAUNCH OF THE NATIONAL RURAL HEALTH MISSION ATTEMPTED TO BRIDGE THIS GAP AND AIMED TO PROVIDE EFFECTIVE HEALTH CARE TO INDIAS RURAL POPULATION.IT HAS ALSO MADE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE DELIVERY.HOWEVER ,LIKE EVERY RAPIDLY DEVELOPING COUNTRY ,INDIA IS FACED WITH THE CHALLENGE OF HOW TO MANAGE GROTH WITH DISTRIBUTION,HOW TO BALANCE EQUITY WITH EFFICIENCY,AND HOW TO ENSURE THAT AS OARTS OF THE INDIAN HEALTH CARE SECTOR ENTER THE WORLD WIDEELITE,THE MASSES ARE NOT LEFT BEHIND.THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN INDIA HAS MADE GREAT STRIDES IN BOTH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS.

THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERING SYSTEMS

1.EXCLUSIVE PROVIDER ORGANIZATION

2.HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION

3.INTEGRATED DELIVERY SYSTEM

4.PREFERRED PROVIDER ORGANIZATION

5.POINT OF SERVICE PLAN

THERE ARE FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF HEALTH CARE MODELS,THIS INCLUDE THE BEVEIDGE MODEL, THE BISMARCK MODEL,THE NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE MODEL,AND THE OUT OF POCKET MODEL .EACH SYSTEM IS UNIQUE IN THE WAY THAT IT IS FUNDED AND ORGANIZED.

THE EFFECTIVENESS

AROUND THE WORLD ,EVERY HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IS STRUGGLING WITH RISING COSTS AND,THE LACK OF ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF MOST HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HAS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATION IN THE HEALTH SECTOR.IT IS EVEN MORE IMPORTANT THAT PUBLIC RESOURCES ARE USED IN THE MOST EFFIECIENT AND EFFCTIVE WAY.

THE AGING OF THE POPULATION AFFECTS THE DEMAND FOR ALL HEALTH CARE SERVICES,INCLUDING HOSPITALS ,AND LONG TERM CARE.OLDER PERSONS USE MORE HEALTH SERVICES THAN THEIR YOUNGER COUNTERPARTS BECAUSE THEY HAVE MORE HEALTH PROBLEMS.THEY ARE ALSO HOSPITALIZED MORE OFTEN AND HAVE LONGER LENGTHS OF STAY THAN YOUNGER PERSONS.

PUBLIC HEALTH AS AN ORGANIZED EFFORT OF THE SOCIETY ,ESPOUSES SEVERALPRINCIPLES.THE PRINCIPLES FORM A BASIS FOR EVALUATING AND FUNCTIONING HEALTH CARE SYSTEM.HEALTH CARE ALSO OF MAJOR IMPORTANCE FOR THE POPULATION HEALTH STATUS,AND COULD BE PREVENTION MEAN TOO.

US AND INDIA

COMPARING THE HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS OF TWO OF THE WORLDS BIGGEST DEMOCRACIES -THE UNITED STATES AND INDIA -HIGHLIGHTS CHANGES WE CAN MAKE TO IMPROVE THE ACCESS AND OUTCOMES.

INDIA THE LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH IS 63YEARS FOR MEN AND 66 YEARS FOR WOMEN

IN US IS 76YEARS FOR MEN AND 81 YEARS FOR WOMEN

CHILDEREN UNDER THE AGE OF 5 ARE ALSO A LOT MORE LIKELY TO DIE IN INDIA THAN IN THE US

1.PUBLIC HEALTH SCENARIO

THIS YEAR BUDGET ,HAS COME UNDER MCRITICISM FOR NOT ADDRESSING SYSTEMIC PROBLEMS ADEQUATELY,EMPHASIZING INSTEAD HEALTH INSURANCE SCHEMS AND PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

IN THE US PER PERSONAL HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURE IS THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD .

2.NATURE OF HEALTH CARE

THE INDIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM CN BE DECRIBED AS MIXED AND TOO EXPENSIVE FOR THE AVERAGE CITIZEN

IN US THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT PROVIDE MORE AMERICANS ACCESSIBLE ,AFFORDABLE QUALITY HEALTH CARE SERVICES

3.OUT OF THE POCKET EXPENDITURE

INDIAN PAYS OWN MONEY THEIR OWN POCKET

IN US THE OUT OF POCKET IS MUCH LOWER AT 10-12%.

THE US SYSTEM IS MORE ACCESSIBLE AND AFFORDABLE THAN INDIA